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油脂和木质纤维素催化转化制备生物液体燃料
Catalytic Production of Liquid Biofuels from Triglyceride Feedstocks and Lignocellulose
世界范围能源短缺和环境恶化的双重压力促使可再生生物质资源的能源化利用成为当前研究的一个重要方向。生物质种类多样,但考虑到粮食安全等因素,其中油脂和木质纤维素适合替代化石资源用于制备液体燃料。本文概述了油脂和木质纤维素通过不同催化转化途径制备液体燃料的一些研究进展。油脂可以通过催化热裂解、加氢和酯交换方法制备生物液体燃料,而木质纤维素制备液体燃料的可行途径包括气化-费托合成、液化-精炼和经历平台化合物的选择性合成。在介绍这些催化途径的同时,特别讨论了其中所使用的催化剂和工艺等方面的研究进展,分析了存在的问题和可能的解决措施,以期能为生物质能源化利用的研究提供参考。
Dual pressures currently arising from energy shortage and environmental degradation worldwide make it critically important to utilize renewable biomass resources for energy. But due to the requirement for the safety of food and feed, triglyceride feedstocks (currently derived mainly from vegetable oils and animal fats) and lignocellulose among the various kinds of naturally-occurring biomass are practical sources for production of liquid biofuels instead of fossil fuels. In this respect, we review the recent progress in the transformation of triglyceride feedstocks and lignocellulose into liquid biofuels by different catalytic routes. These routes include thermal cracking, hydrogenation and transesterification for oils and fats, and gasification-Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, liquefaction-upgrading and selective synthesis via platform chemicals for lignocellulose. The catalysts and processes involved in these catalytic routes are intensively discussed, and their existing problems and possible solutions are addressed, which may provide insights helpful for further studies on the more efficient utilization of biomass for energy. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Conversion of oils and fats
2.1 Thermal cracking
2.2 Catalytic hydrogenation
2.3 Transesterification
3 Conversion of lignocellulose
3.1 Gasification-Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
3.2 Liquefaction-upgrading
3.3 Selective synthesis via platform chemicals
4 Outlook
生物质
biomass
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