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草酸钙结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的成核、生长、聚集及其与结石形成的关系
Nucleation, Growth, and Aggregation of Nanocrystallites in Urine of Calcium Oxalate Stone Patients as well as Kidney Stone Formation
肾结石的主要组分是草酸钙(CaOxa)等晶体。目前肾结石只能在形成以后才能被诊断,这给患者带来了极大的痛苦。肾结石的形成与尿液中的纳米微晶性质密切相关,如果能在结石形成之前或形成初期早期检测,则可以有效地预防肾结石发生发展。本文结合本课题组的工作,从微晶尺寸、微晶的聚集程度、形貌、化学组分、Zeta电位和稳定性等方面综述了肾结石患者尿液中纳米微晶的性质差异及其与肾结石形成的关系,并与健康对照者进行了比较;讨论了CaOxa结石患者在服用防石药物柠檬酸钾后尿微晶的性质变化。研究结果表明尿液中的纳米微晶的聚集是导致微晶快速增大和结石形成的关键因素,说明通过调控纳米微晶的物理、化学性质,有可能抑制肾结石的形成和复发。
The main constituents of kidney stones are inorganic crystals such as calcium oxalate (CaOxa). At present kidney stones can be diagnosed only after formation, which brings great suffering to patients. The formation of kidney stones related closely to the properties of urinary nanocrystallites. If kidney stone can be detected prior to its formation, it might be effectively prevented. In this paper, an review is given about the differences of urinary nanocrystallites between the patients of kidney stone and healthy controls, as well as the relationship with the formation of kidney stones. These differences comprise size and distribution, agglomeration, morphology, chemical composition, Zeta potential and stability of the microcrystals. The changes in these properties in CaOxa stone patients before and after taking potassium citrate are discussed. It is concluded that agglomeration of urinary nanocrystallites is a key factor leading to rapid growth of the crystallites and formation of urinary stones. Through the regulation of physical and chemical properties of nanocrystallites, the formation and recurrence of kidney stones are possibly inhibited.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Differences of urine crystallites of kidney stone patients and controls
2.1 Size
2.2 Aggregation
2.3 Morphology
2.4 Chemical composition
2.5 Zeta potential
2.6 Stability
3 Agglomeration of urinary nanocrystallites promotes stone formation
4 Properties changes in urinary nanocrystallites in calcium oxalate stone patients before and after potassium citrate administration
5 Conclusions and outlook
biomineralization
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