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含单质硫正极复合材料
Sulfur Composite Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
单质硫作为二次锂-硫电池正极时具有很高的理论比容量(1675 mAh/g),此外硫原料廉价、储量丰富、对环境友好,被认为是最具发展潜力的新一代高比能化学电源的正极材料之一。但由于单质硫存在导电性差以及充放电过程中体积膨胀,放电过程中产生的多硫离子会溶解发生扩散迁移,从而制约了锂-硫电池的进一步发展应用。本文首先分析了锂-硫电池的放电机理,以及导致电池容量衰减的两个主要原因:多硫离子的穿梭效应和放电产物硫化锂(Li2S,Li2S2)差的电化学性能;其次综述了近年来国内外报道的各种含硫复合材料,将其分为碳/硫复合材料、导电聚合物/硫复合材料、氧化物/硫复合材料三大类,并进行了讨论;最后总结了目前硫正极复合材料的特点,展望了含单质硫复合正极材料未来的研究发展趋势。
Elemental sulfur, as a cathode material of the rechargeable Li-S battery, has a high theoretical gravimetric energy density of 1675 mAh/g, moreover, it is inexpensive, abundant on earth, and environmentally benign. So it is considered to be the most promising cathode materials for the next generation batteries. However, Li-S is facing many problems that constrain its widespread application. The main obstacles are its poor conductivity, volume expanding.Moreover,sulfur can be reduced the polysulfide ions and dissolved into electrolyze in the discharge process and therefore causes the loss of active materials. In this review,the charge-discharge mechanism and two capacity fading reasons of Li-S battery are summarized.One is the dissolution of polysulfide ions, which is the so called"redox shuttle" between the sulfur cathode and Li anode.The other is the formation of insoluble lithium sulfide(Li2S) and lithium disulfide(Li2S2) which can cause the sluggish electrochemical reaction during charge and discharge processes.After that,we introduce some recent progress of novel sulfur composites as cathode materials for lithium sulfur battery. These composites can be divided into three categories(such as sulfur/carbon, sulfur/polymer and sulfur/oxide composite materials) and are discussed. In the end, we have concluded the characters of those sulfur composites, and analyzed the prospect of Li-S battery in the future.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Charge-discharge mechanism and capacity fading of the Li/S battery
3 Development of sulfur cathodes
3.1 Sulfur/carbon composites materials
3.2 Sulfur/polymer composites materials
3.3 Sulfur/oxide composites materials
4 Conclusion and outlook
锂-硫电池
lithium-sulfur battery
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