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癌症预防的完全食物途径：以浆果为例
Whole Food Approach to Cancer Prevention：Berries as an Example
在过去的二十多年中,Gary D. Stoner 实验室一直在评估利用黑树莓进行基于食物的癌症预防途径。黑树莓含有多种具有潜在化学预防作用的化合物,包括维生素A、C、E,硒,钙,以及大量或复杂或简单的多酚类物质,包括花青素,鞣花,槲皮素,阿魏酸和香豆酸,各种类胡萝卜素,β-谷甾醇等激素。因为黑树莓含有大约90% 的水分,对其冷冻干燥可使其中假定的化学预防成分浓缩约十倍。临床前研究表明,黑树莓冻干粉末可以抑制动物的口腔,食道,结肠和乳腺中肿瘤发生发展。在人体实验中,黑树莓冻干粉末对口腔,食道和结肠的癌前病变具有预防作用,且其剂量水平仅引起少量或不引起毒性。黑树莓预防癌症的机理可能包括抑制细胞增殖、炎症和血管生成,并且促进细胞调亡、黏附和分化。分子生物学研究表明,黑树莓保护性地调控了多个和上述细胞功能相关的基因表达。对黑树莓不同组分的生物活性分析显示其化学预防作用主要来自其中的多酚类物质和纤维素。这些结果提示,很多具有黑树莓相似组成的食物可能也有类似的保护作用。
Our laboratories have been evaluating a "food-based" approach to cancer prevention using black raspberries (BRBs) for the past 20+ years. Black raspberries contain multiple compounds with chemopreventive potential including vitamins A, C and E, selenium and calcium, numerous complex and simple polyphenols including anthocyanins, ellagitannins, quercetin, ferulic and coumaric acids, various carotenoids, and phytohormones such as β-sitosterol. Because BRBs are about 90% water, freeze-drying them concentrates these putative chemopreventive agents about 10-fold. Preclinical studies have shown that freeze-dried BRB powder inhibits the development of oral, esophageal, colon and breast tumors in animals. In humans, BRB powder exhibits chemopreventive effects on premalignant lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus and colon at dose levels that elicit little or no toxicity. BRBs function by reducing cell proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis, and enhancing apoptosis, cell adhesion and differentiation. Molecular studies have identified multiple genes associated with these cellular functions that are protectively modulated by BRBs. Bio-fractionation studies suggest that most of the chemopreventive effects of BRBs are due to their content of polyphenols and fiber. It is likely that many other foodstuffs would exhibit protective effects if formulated in a manner similar to that described for BRBs.
化学预防
chemoprevention
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