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多级孔分子筛的制备与催化应用
彭鹏1, 张占全1, 王有和1,2, Fazle Subhan1,3, 阎子峰*1
化学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12) :2028-2037
多级孔分子筛的制备与催化应用
彭鹏1, 张占全1, 王有和1,2, Fazle Subhan1,3, 阎子峰*1
化学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12) :2028-2037
多级孔分子筛的制备与催化应用
Hierarchical Molecular Sieves：Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
分子筛研究的热点问题之一是如何减小微孔扩散阻力对传质带来的不利影响，以提高催化剂的利用效率。通过引入介孔，实现多级孔分子筛材料的设计是解决上述问题的一种有效方法。本文介绍了多级孔分子筛材料提高反应扩散效率的理论依据以及国内外多级孔分子筛材料制备方面的研究进展。主要包含“破坏性”方法（destructive methods）和“建设性”方法（constructive methods）的原理，从水热稳定性、酸性、操作性以及可放大性分析了各种合成方法的优势和不足。本文还介绍了多级孔分子筛在催化反应中的若干应用实例，重点介绍了多级孔材料在催化裂化和加氢反应中的应用进展，表明多级孔分子筛可以提高选择性以及转化率。开发适宜酸性以及水热稳定性的微孔-介孔分子筛，同时兼顾低成本、低污染以及易操作性的合成技术是将来研究的重点，同时应建立多级孔分子筛催化性能与结构的关系，加深对多级孔分子筛的认识。
Improving the diffusional performance of traditional microporous zeolites has become of interest to the fields of catalysis, adsorption and separation. The development of hierarchical molecular sieves has occurred to solve the aforementioned issues. This review includes the theoretical analyses about how to improve the efficiency and diffusional performance of molecular sieves during catalytic reactions by recent approaches to synthesize hierarchical molecular sieves. Different hierarchical molecular sieves synthesized via constructive and destructive methods are reported, with emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses, regarding hydrothermal stability, acidity, operational constraints and scalability. This review also summarizes recent catalytic applications, in particular, the applications in catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. It is shown that the incorporation of mesopores to traditional microporous zeolites can improve the activity and selectivity of catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. However, development of hierarchical molecular sieves needs to consider cost, production of high purity products while reducing the production of unwanted by-products, and to provide readily scalable materials. These hierarchical molecular sieves should be able to withstand acidic conditions and have high hydrothermal stability. Development of such materials with the properties described above and structure-property-function relationships of hierarchical molecular sieves should be emphasized in the future.
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Theoretical analyses
2 Methods of preparation of hierarchical molecular sieves
2.1 Destructive strategies
2.2 Constructive strategies
3 Catalytic applications of hierarchical molecular sieves
3.1 Fluidized catalytic cracking
3.2 Hydrogenation reactions
4 Conclusion and outlook
多级孔分子筛
hierarchical molecular sieves
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