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氰根离子比色、荧光传感器研究新进展
Colorimetric and Fluorescent Cyanide Anion Sensors
由于具有很强的毒性，氰根离子的识别与检测在生命科学、环境科学等领域具有重要的意义。在众多的氰根离子检测方法中，基于主客体作用的氰根离子比色、荧光传感器由于其方法简单和灵敏度高、操作简便、成本较低等优点，逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。本文综述了2006年以来的氰根离子比色、荧光传感器的研究进展。根据传感器分子与氰根离子作用方式的不同，本文将氰根离子传感器分为6类：（1）氢键作用型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过氢键作用结合氰根离子从而实现对氰根离子的识别。（2）脱质子型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过氰根离子夺取传感器分子中的活泼氢，导致传感器分子发生分子内电子转移，从而实现对氰根离子的识别。（3）加成反应型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子通过与氰根离子发生特定的反应而实现对氰根离子的识别，根据具体反应类型的不同，又将其分成了5小类进行总结和阐述。（4）配位作用型氰根离子传感器。此类传感器分子为金属配合物，氰根离子与传感器分子上的金属离子通过配位作用结合或者氰根离子竞争夺取传感器分子中的金属离子，从而实现对氰根离子的识别。（5）基于纳米技术的氰根离子传感器。（6）基于其他机理的氰根离子传感器。本文对这些类型的氰根离子传感器从设计原理、识别性能和机理等方面进行了介绍，并展望了该领域的研究方向。
Because of the extreme toxicity of cyanide anions, the development of colorimetric and fluorescent sensors for the cyanide anion (CN-) has received considerable attention. Among numerous CN- sensors, the colorimetric or fluorescent sensors received more and more attention because these kinds of sensors possess a lot of advantages such as high sensitivity, does not require expensive equipment and easy to operate. This review article highlights advances in the research of colorimetric or fluorescent sensors for the cyanide anion after 2006. According to recognition mechanisms of these sensors, we grouped them into six categories, including hydrogen bond based CN- sensors, deprotonation based CN- sensors, addition reaction based CN- sensors, coordination based sensors, nano-material based CN- sensors, and the sensors based on other recognition mechanism. This review summarizes the main design principles, CN- recognition abilities of the sensors. The developing orientation for further research is presented.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Design principles of colorimetric and fluorescent CN-sensors
3 Hydrogen bond based CN-sensors
4 Deprotonation based CN-sensors
5 Addition reaction based CN-sensors
5.1 Addition of CN-to alkene
5.2 Addition of CN-to boride
5.3 Addition of CN-to Schiff base
5.4 Addition of CN-to spiro-compound
5.5 Addition of CN-to carbonyl group
6 Coordination based CN-sensors
6.1 Direct coordination
6.2 Competitive coordination
7 Nano-material based CN-sensors
8 Sensors based on other recognition mechanism
9 Conclusion and outlook
氰根离子
cyanide anion
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