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纳晶纤维素的功能化及应用
Functionalization and Applications of Nanocrystalline Cellulose
纳晶纤维素（NCC）是一种由价廉的可再生原料制备得到的棒状纳米材料。NCC表面存在的羟基使其可直接进行化学修饰，也可作为生物模板组装负载无机纳米粒子，这赋予了NCC更多的功能。本文对NCC表面组装负载无机纳米粒子的研究进行了重点归纳。NCC具有独特的尺寸结构，优异的强度性质和物理化学性质，毒性较低，没有明显的环境问题，在众多领域有重要的应用价值。本文全面阐述了NCC在复合增强、绿色催化、光电材料、酶固定化、抗菌和医用材料、生物传感器、荧光探针和药物释放等方面的应用，并对其稳定性、相容性和毒性等实际应用性能进行了相应的探讨。
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is a kind of rod-like nanomaterial obtained from inexpensive renewable biomass. The presence of hydroxyl groups on NCC surface allows it to be further functionalized through chemical modification or deposition of nanoparticles. An introduction of the assembly and deposition of metal element, non-metal element, metal oxide, non-metal oxide, and inorganic salt nanoparticles on NCC is presented in this review. NCC has important application value in many fields owing to the unique structure, exceptional strength and physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and low toxicity. NCC has been widely used as reinforcing agent because of its nanoscale dimensions and outstanding mechanical strength. As a nanoscale biotemplate suitable for the assembly of nanoparticles, NCC has been designed to be high-efficiency composite catalyst. With the characteristics of anisotropy, birefringence and liquid crystallinity, NCC has shown important applications as optical and electronic material. Since NCC is modifiable, biocompatible and biodegradable, this review espically focuses on the applications of NCC in the field of biomedicine, such as enzyme immobilization, antimicrobial and medical materials, biosensors, fluorescent probes and drug delivery. The practical considerations including stability, compatibility and cytotoxicity are also discussed. In the future, NCC still needs to overcome the problems of dispersity, intrinsic hydrophily and manufacturing difficulty to realize industrialization and commercialization.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Functionalization of NCC
2.1 Covalent modification
2.2 Deposition of nanoparticles on NCC
3 Applications of NCC
3.1 Reinforced composites
3.2 Catalysis
3.3 Optical and electronic materials
3.4 Enzyme immobilization
3.5 Antimicrobial and medical materials
3.6 Biosensors
3.7 Fluorescent probes
3.8 Drug delivery
4 Outlook
纳晶纤维素
nanocrystalline cellulose
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