中国人群肿瘤死亡的29.7% 由慢性感染引起,其中肝炎病毒(HBV)、幽门螺杆菌(HP)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是最常见的感染致癌因子。目前已研发成功HBV 预防性疫苗、HP 预防性疫苗和HPV 预防性疫苗,可有效预防上述感染因子引起的肝癌、胃癌和宫颈癌。2012 年5 月颁布的《中国慢性病防治工作规划(2012—2015 年)》明确指出:我国在开发癌症高发地区重点癌症筛查适宜技术的同时,应结合国家免疫规划政策,加强对癌症高风险人群乙型肝炎、人乳头瘤病毒等疫苗的预防接种。因此,本文简要介绍上述三种癌症疫苗的最新研究进展,以期借鉴HBV 疫苗在中国的推广历程和免疫成果,进一步推进和完善我国HBV 疫苗的接种,加速HPV 疫苗和HP 疫苗的引入推广,让肿瘤一级预防的科研成果尽早惠及于民。

Chronic infection attributes to 29.7% of cancer mortality in China, among which Helicobacter Pylori (HP), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Human papillomavirus (HPV) are the three major infectious agents. HBV vaccine and HPV vaccine were respectively developed in 1981 and 2006, and have been proven could efficiently prevent HBV-related hepatocarcinoma and HPV-related cervical cancer. In May of 2012, "China Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Work Plan (2012—2015)" was promulgated. This work plan not only requires exploring appropriate screening technologies for major cancers in high-risk areas, and also requests strengthening the implementation of HBV vaccination and HPV vaccination among high-risk population. Moreover, China announced to have successfully developed HP vaccine recently, which could efficiently prevent HP-related gastric cancer. By summarizing the current research progress of the three anti-cancer prophylactic vaccines, this review made a brief introduction of the great breakthroughs in cancer primary prevention. Furthermore, it also reviewed the implementation history of HBV vaccine in China, and the current gap existing between developed countries and China for HPV vaccine. This review hopes to help Chinese policy makers further improve and complete the HBV vaccination program, to accelerate the launch of HPV vaccination program with the least delay, and to introduce the HP vaccine at appropriate time in China.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine
3 Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
4 Helicobactor Pylori (HP) vaccine
5 Perspective