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几类过渡金属配合物催化的烯烃硅氢化反应机理
Reaction Mechanisms of Olefin Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by Several Transition Metal Complexes
有机硅材料是一种功能独特，性能优异的化工新材料，广泛应用于工业、农业、医药等各大领域。其种类繁多，如硅油、硅橡胶、硅树脂、硅烷等，它们的主要成分均为有机硅化合物，且均非自然界中存在的天然物质，需人工合成。目前，烯烃硅氢化反应是制备有机硅化合物的重要方法之一。该方法简单而直接，且具有原子经济性，备受人们的亲睐。这类反应需要在催化剂的作用下才能发生，因而过渡金属催化剂的设计和机理的研究一直为实验和理论工作者所关注。本文综述了近年来过渡金属配合物催化剂及其催化烯烃硅氢化反应的机理。重点介绍了Pt、Rh、Ru、Zr等过渡金属配合物的不同催化作用机制，希望为以后的研究提供思路和启发。
Silicon-based products such as oil, grease, rubbers, resin, etc. are widely used in the industrial, agricultural, medicinal, and other areas. The above-mentioned are not naturally substances, and organosilicon compounds as the effective component are manufactured artificially. The hydrosilylation of olefins is one of the most straightforward and atom-economical methods for the generation of versatile silicon-containing intermediates in silicon chemistry. Also the catalysts are very necessary. Transition metal complexes are confirmed to have high activity and selectivity. The Pt-based complexes, such as Karstedts and Speiers catalysts, are most widely used in the past. Over the past years, the transition-metal-based catalysts such as Pd, Rh, Ru, Zr, etc. have been reported to be efficient in the alkene hydrosilylation reaction. In this paper, we mainly introduce the advances in new reaction mechanisms of olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by several transition metal complexes. In particular, we highlight the new mechanistic pathways from the experimental studies and quantum mechanics calculations. Not only a summary of previous works is given, but also some ideas and inspirations are provided for future research.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Mechanisms of olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by late transition metal complexes
2.1 Platinum complexes catalysts
2.2 Reaction mechanism catalyzed by platinum complexes
2.3 Ruthenium complexes catalysts and reaction mechanisms of olefin hydrosilylation
3 Mechanisms of olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by middle transition metal complexes
3.1 Family of chromium (Cr、Mo、W) complexes catalysts and reaction mechanism
3.2 Family of manganese (Mn、Tc、Re) complexes catalysts and reaction mechanism
4 The mechanism of olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by early transition metal (Zr、Ti、Hf) complexes
5 Conclusion and outlook
过渡金属配合物
transition metal complex
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