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功能性POSS聚合物及其应用
Functional POSS-Containing Polymers and Their Applications
多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）是一类具有纳米分子尺寸和有机-无机杂化结构的化合物。这种以无机Si—O—Si键组成的框架为核，外围被有机取代基所包围的特殊结构，具有独特的物理性质和化学反应性。采用物理或共聚的方法使其与其他聚合物复合，得到具有特殊功能的有机/无机纳米复合高分子材料，可用于诸多领域，近年来备受关注。本文在介绍POSS分子结构特点的基础上，详细阐述POSS聚合物的合成方法、特点和功能性，着重讨论了POSS在超疏水表面与抗结冰涂层、两亲聚合物、形状记忆材料中的应用及研究现状，并展望了功能性POSS聚合物的发展前景。
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are silsesquioxane molecules with a special cage-like nanoscaled organic/inorganic hybrid structure. Among them, octa-silsesquioxanes have been mostly investigated. Compared with other inorganic agents, the structure of a rigid, cubic inorganic silica core and eight corner organic groups endow POSS possesses unique physical properties and chemical reactivities. The corner substituents, identical or different, can be used to design and prepare POSS-containing hybrid polymers. Owing to the special structure, functional POSS-containing polymers can be prepared through physical mixing or chemical copolymerization. With the development of advanced polymer-synthesis methods including "click" chemistry, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, well-defined POSS-containing hybrid polymers have been obtained, such as star-shaped, branch or block polymers, which has aroused extensive interests in recent years. Based on the nature of POSS, the main routes for synthesizing the functional POSS-containing polymers are briefly reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, applications of POSS-containing polymers are particularly introduced including constructing superhydrophobic films or surfaces for fabrics or anti-icing, developing amphiphilic polymers, and taking advantage of POSS as a building block for shape memory polymers. The challenges of POSS-containing polymers are also proposed based on the current progress. Finally, the research trends of the POSS-containing polymers are prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 POSS-containing polymeric surfaces
2.1 Omniphobic POSS-containing polymers
2.2 POSS-containing coatings for anti-icing
3 Amphiphilic POSS-containing polymers
4 POSS-containing shape memory polymers
5 Conclusion
POSS
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
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