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染料敏化太阳电池钌系敏化剂
Ruthenium Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
钌系敏化剂是染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）研究最早也最成功的敏化剂类型之一，最高光电转换效率已达到11%以上。研究总结钌系敏化剂的结构、谱学性质、电化学性质与其光电转换性能之间的构效关系，对于设计合成新的具有更高性能的敏化剂、推进DSSC的实用化进程具有十分重要的意义。本文综述了钌系敏化剂的研究进展，将这类敏化剂按结构和性质进行分类，讨论了其分子结构、电子结构、谱学性质、电化学性质对其光吸收能力、电子注入效能、电荷传输与复合等因素的影响，并对其光电转换性能进行了详细评述，总结了其结构与光电转换性能之间的构效关系，概括了高效钌系敏化剂的结构特征，为更高效敏化剂的设计合成提供了有价值的参考。
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the major development trends of solar cells due to the possibility of low-cost conversion of photovoltaic energy. The DSSCs using ruthenium complexes as sensitizers have achieved the highest photo-to-electric conversion efficiencies over 11% with very good stability, implying potential practical applications. It is very important to study the structure-performance-relationships between the structures and the photo-to-electric conversion performances. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of the ruthenium sensitizers. The sensitizers are divided into several groups according to the various substituent groups attached to the bipyridine ring and the numbers of the —NCS ligand. The relationships between the structures, the spectroscopic properties, the electron injection efficiency, the electron transfer and recombination are discussed. The structure characters of the high efficiency sensitizers are summarized, which provides valuable information for design and screening of better sensitizers. Furthermore, special attention has been paid to the design principles of these dyes. Co-sensitization, an emerging technique to extend the absorption range, is also discussed as a choice to improve the performance of the solar cell devices. The working principle of the DSSC is also discussed in detail.
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 The structure and working principle of DSSC
1.2 Sensitizers
2 Ruthenium sensitizer
2.1 N3, N719, Black dye and HIS-2
2.2 Amphiphilic ruthenium photosensitizers
2.3 Highly molar extinction and stability bipyridyl ruthenium dye
2.4 The ruthenium sensitizers containing a -NCS
2.5 The ruthenium sensitizers modifying the carboxyl bipyridyl side
2.6 The ruthenium sensitizers without -NCS
2.7 The ruthenium sensitizers containing hole transporting units
2.8 The ruthenium sensitizers containing phenanthroline or quinoline ligands
2.9 Sensitizers with novel anchoring groups
3 Conclusion
dye-sensitized solar cell
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