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嵌段共聚物溶液自组装制备纳米管状聚集体
Block Copolymer Nanotubular Aggregates Prepared via Direct Self-Assembly in Solution
作为一种新型材料，具有独特一维空心结构的纳米管受到了越来越多的关注。与研究较为广泛的碳纳米管和两亲性小分子纳米管相比，聚合物纳米管在尺寸范围、内外表面功能化及结构稳定性等方面具有优势。本文总结了嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中自组装形成纳米管状聚集体的最新研究进展。根据形成纳米管状结构的嵌段共聚物链段的性质，可将其划分为柔性-柔性嵌段共聚物、刚性-柔性嵌段共聚物，以及具备特殊结构的类嵌段共聚物三大类。针对每一类体系，重点归纳了管状结构的制备方法、结构表征和形成条件等研究现状，并概括总结了制备此类一维空心结构的理论依据。最后，对嵌段共聚物纳米管潜在的应用价值和今后可能的发展方向进行了展望。
As a kind of novel material, nanotubes with special one-dimensional hollow structure have attracted more and more attention and investigation. Compared with widely studied carbon nanotubes or small amphiphilic molecular nanotubes, block copolymer nanotubes show advantages in dimension scales, functionalization of both inner and outer spaces and structure stability. Recent progress in preparation of nanotubular aggregates via direct self-assembly of block copolymer in selective solvent is reviewed in this paper. According to properties of blocks, block copolymers that can form nanotubes are divided into three categories, including coil-coil block copolymers, rod-coil block copolymers, and pseudo-block copolymers with specific structures. For each category, the preparation procedures, structure characterizations and formation conditions of the nanotubes are introduced. Moreover, mechanisms and regularities of such hollow one-dimensional structure formation are discussed as well. It is proposed that nanotube formation required highly ordered molecular packing and anisotropic intermolecular interactions; thus rod-coil block copolymers are more likely to form polymer nanotube than coil-coil blockcopolymers. Based on these studies, potential applications and possible trends for future research are briefly described finally.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Preparation methods and structure characterizations of self-assembled nanotubes
2.1 Direct dissolution
2.2 Selective solvent addition
2.3 Film rehydration
2.4 Solution temperature control
2.5 Characterization of nanotubular structures
3 Classification of nanotube-forming block copolymers
3.1 Coil-coil block copolymers
3.2 Rod-coil block copolymers
3.3 Pseudo-block copolymers with specific structures
4 Conclusions and outlook
block copolymer
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