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三维(3D)石墨烯及其复合材料的应用
Applications of Three Dimensional Graphene and Its Composite Materials
三维（3D）石墨烯通常是指具有3D结构的二维（2D）石墨烯组装体，是近年来石墨烯化学领域的新型功能性材料。将2D石墨烯片整合成具有3D结构的组装体可以有效调控石墨烯的电学、光学、机械、化学和催化特性，因此3D石墨烯材料不仅具有石墨烯固有的理化性质，其三维多孔的微/纳米结构还使其兼具比表面积大、机械强度高、电子传导能力优越及传质快速等优良特性。这些独特的性质使3D石墨烯及其复合材料在材料科学领域备受关注。研究发现，3D石墨烯及其复合材料应用于纳米电子学、能量储存和转换、化学和生物传感等研究领域均表现出优越的性能。本文结合当前研究热点，综述了3D石墨烯及其复合材料在催化、储氢/气体吸附、传感器、环境修复、超级电容器等领域中的应用进展，并简要评述目前3D石墨烯材料应用中所面临的挑战及发展前景。
In recent years, three dimensional (3D) graphene derived from 2D graphene assemblies, is an emerging functional material in the field of graphene chemistry. Integration of graphene sheets, two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale building blocks, into 3D assemblies which have well-defined 3D architecture, is an effective way for tuning and/or controlling the electrical, optical, chemical, mechanical or catalytical properties. As a novel kind of functional materials, the methodology for preparing 3D graphene materials with micro-/nano-architectures and the potential applications have triggered tremendous interests. The rationally designed 3D graphene architecture may not only provide inherently excellent properties of 2D graphene materials, such as high electronic, optical and catalytical properties, but also exhibit micro-/nano-architectures, huge specic surface areas, strong mechanical strengths, high electron conductivity and fast mass transport kinetics. Until now, 3D graphene materials have demonstrated superior performance when applied in nanoelectronics, energy storage/conversion, chemical and biological sensing, hybrid materials and other areas. In this article, we review recent advances of 3D graphene and its composite materials in the fields of catalysis, hydrogen/gas storage, sensor fabrication, environmental protection and supercapacity. The current challenges and future perspectives in the applications of 3D graphene materials are also outlined.
Contents
1 Introduction of 3D graphene materials
2 Preparation of 3D graphene architectures
3 Applications of 3D graphene and its composite materials
3.1 Applications as catalysis
3.2 Applications in hydrogen storage and other gases adsorption
3.3 Applications in fabrication of sensor
3.4 Applications in environmental remediation
3.5 Applications in fabrication of supercapacitor
4 Conclusion and outlook
three-dimensional
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