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染料敏化太阳能电池掺杂TiO2纳晶光阳极
Doped Titania Nanocrystalline Photoanodes for Efficiency Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
染料敏化太阳能电池（dye-sensitized solar cells， DSC）效率高、制作简单、成本低，因此被认为是最有希望的第三代太阳能电池。DSC光阳极的主要作用是吸附染料、传输电子和提供电解质扩散通道，因此对DSC光电性能具有决定性作用。近年来，通过掺杂调控TiO2光阳极的电子特性，从而提高DSC的光电效率受到广泛关注。本文对掺杂TiO2光阳极的研究现状进行了综述，重点分析了非金属元素、过渡金属元素及主族元素的掺杂对TiO2光阳极的能带结构、光吸收特性、染料吸附量、电子传输和界面复合过程以及所组装DSC光电性能的影响，分析了非金属元素共掺杂的协同效应。同时，对稀土元素掺杂TiO2作为光谱转换材料提高DSC光吸收效率和光电转换效率进行了探讨，最后论文对掺杂TiO2光阳极今后的研究重点和研究方向进行了展望。
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) play a leading role in the third generation photovoltaic devices due to their low cost, easy fabrication process, high conversion efficiency, and good stability. As a media of dye adsorption, electron transport, and electrolyte diffusion, the nanocrystalline semiconductor photoanode plays a key role during light-to-electricity conversion in DSC. Apparently, titania (TiO2) has been most frequently used as a photoanode materials in DSCs. Although other semiconductors such as ZnO, SnO2, and SrTiO3 etc. have also been widely applied in photoanode of DSC, none of them have shown better performance than TiO2. Up to now, a record efficiency of 12.3% for the DSC with TiO2 photoanode has been achieved. However, further improvement of the conversion efficiency of DSC is still a major issue for its application prospects. In recent years, doping TiO2 with metal and nonmetal elements has been considered as a promising way to tailor the electronic properties of TiO2 photoanode in DSC and has succeeded in improving photovoltaic performance of DSC. This article presents an overview on doped nanocrystalline TiO2, including non-metal doped TiO2, transition metal doped TiO2, rare earth doped TiO2, and main-group metal doped TiO2 employed as the photoanode for improving photovoltaic performance of DSC. The influence of foreign-elements doping on the band edge, the trap state distribution, the electron transport process, the recombination reaction, and the light harvesting of TiO2 photoanode are discussed. Lastly, an outlook on the future challenges and prospects of doped nanocrystalline TiO2 materials as the photoanode for DSC are also briefly brought up.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Nonmetal-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
2.1 N-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
2.2 Halogen-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
2.3 B-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
2.4 Codoped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
3 Transition metal doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
3.1 Zn-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
3.2 Cr-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
3.3 W-doped photoanode of DSC
3.4 Nb-doped photoanode of DSC
3.5 Ta-doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
4 Rare earth doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
5 Main-group metal doped TiO2 photoanode of DSC
6 Conclusion and outlook
光阳极
photoanode
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