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新型力学性能增强二氧化硅气凝胶块体隔热材料
Advances in Mechanically Enhanced Silica Aerogel Monoliths as Thermal Insulating Materials
作为一种轻质和超高孔隙率的三维纳米多孔材料，二氧化硅气凝胶具有极低的常温导热系数，成为理想的纳米多孔超级隔热材料。然而，二氧化硅气凝胶的力学性能很差，且常压干燥制备的气凝胶整体性较差，这些都极大地限制了二氧化硅气凝胶的实际应用。近年来，通过复合或交联的方法制备得到的新型二氧化硅气凝胶，在一定程度上提高了其整体性、强度和柔韧性，使得二氧化硅气凝胶作为单独的块体材料应用成为可能。本文简要介绍二氧化硅气凝胶的多孔结构、基本性质和隔热原理，并对纤维增强、聚合物交联和其他复合二氧化硅气凝胶作为块体隔热材料的研究现状进行重点综述。最后，总结了该领域存在的关键问题，并提出未来的研究方向。
As a three-dimensional nanoporous material with low density and high porosity, silica aerogel exhibits a low thermal conductivity at room temperature and becomes an ideal nanoporous super thermal insulating material. However, the poor mechanic property and fragment occurred during ambient pressure drying have greatly limited the practical applications of silica aerogel. The apparent enhancements in integrity, strength and flexibility are achieved with the new-type of silica aerogels prepared by compositing or crosslinking, which makes it possible to be applied alone in the form of monolith as thermal insulating materials. In this paper, the porous structures, basic properties and thermal insulation principles of silica aerogels are briefly introduced. The research progress of newly developed fiber reinforced composite silica aerogels, polymer crosslinked silica aerogels, and the other combined silica aerogels as monolithic thermal insulation materials are focused. Finally, the key problems in the field of silica aerogels are summarized and the future research trends are highlighted.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic properties of silica aerogels
3 Principles of thermal insulation of silica aerogel
4 Silica aerogels as thermal insulating materials
5 New-type silica aerogels as thermal insulating materials
5.1 Fiber reinforced composite silica aerogels
5.2 Polymer crosslinked silica aerogels
5.3 Combined silica aerogels
6 Conclusion and outlook
二氧化硅气凝胶
silica aerogel
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