多溴联苯的污染来源、分析方法和环境污染特征

刘国瑞; 李丽; 孙素芳; 姜晓旭; 王美; 郑明辉

doi:10.7536/PC140335

化学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (08) :1434-1444 DOI: 10.7536/PC140335

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多溴联苯的污染来源、分析方法和环境污染特征

^1,2

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Sources, Analytical Methods and Environmental Characteristics of Polybrominated Biphenyls

Liu Guorui¹, Li Li^1,2, Sun Sufang², Jiang Xiaoxu¹, Wang Mei¹, Zheng Minghui*¹

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摘要

多溴联苯（polybrominated biphenyls，PBBs）是一类曾被广泛使用的溴代阻燃剂，这类化学物质具有半挥发性，能够远距离迁移，可在环境中持久存在，并且能够在生物体内累积和放大，对全球环境和人类健康构成潜在的危害。2009年，《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》新POPs审查委员会将六溴联苯商业产品列入其附件A，禁止六溴联苯的工业生产和使用。因此，近期对环境中多溴联苯的来源、分析方法和污染水平等相关研究引起了广泛的关注。本文介绍了PBBs的基本理化性质和毒性，对作为溴代阻燃剂的PBBs的生产量进行归纳，并提出需要开展深入和广泛研究来认识是否在工业生产过程中存在PBBs的非故意生成和排放，对当前环境中PBBs的分析方法进行了总结，并对PBBs当前的环境污染水平和污染特征进行了简要概述，最后对PBBs相关的未来研究进行了初步展望。

Abstract

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) had been widely produced and used as commercial chemicals including additive brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from 1970 to 2000. PBBs are highly toxic, lipophilic and bioaccumulative organic compounds. Owing to their persistence and semi-volatility, PBBs could transport long distance and thus pose potential risk to global environment and human health. Commercial hexabrominated biphenyls (technical Hexa-BBs) have been listed in the Annex A covered under Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2009 for banning the manufacture and use of technical Hexa-BBs. Thus, the sources, analytical methods and environmental occurrence of PBBs have recently attracted increasing attentions. This paper summarizes the basic physico-chemical properties and toxicity of PBBs. The amounts of technical PBBs produced as commercial chemicals including BFRs in history are also summarized. The release of PBBs during dismantling of E-waste as one of important sources is also discussed. We also suggest that further study should be carried out to investigate if there is unintentional formation and emission of PBBs during industrial thermal processes. The research progress on analytical methods, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) used for identification and quantification of PBBs are also reviewed and discussed. The occurrence and profiles of PBBs in various matrices from contamination sites of Michigan accident, E-waste dismantling area, and polar area are also reviewed and discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Basic physico-chemical properties and toxicity of PBBs
2.1 Basic physico-chemical properties of PBBs
2.2 Toxicity of PBBs
3 Major sources of PBBs
3.1 Manufacture, use and release of PBBs
3.2 Unintentional emissions of PBBs from industrial sources
4 Analytical methods of PBBs
4.1 Sample extraction and purification of PBBs
4.2 Instrumental analytical technique
4.3 Quality assurance and quality control
5 Occurrence of PBBs in various matrices
5.1 Contamination levels of PBBs in samples from PBBs contamination accident area
5.2 Contamination levels of PBBs in samples from E-waste dismantling area
5.3 Contamination levels of PBBs in polar area and other regions
6 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

多溴联苯 / 持久性有机污染物 / 排放源 / 分析方法 / 环境特征

Key words

PBBs / POPs / emission sources / analytical methods / environmental characteristics

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刘国瑞, 李丽, 孙素芳, 姜晓旭, 王美, 郑明辉. 多溴联苯的污染来源、分析方法和环境污染特征[J]. 化学进展, 2014, 26(08): 1434-1444 DOI:10.7536/PC140335

Liu Guorui, Li Li, Sun Sufang, Jiang Xiaoxu, Wang Mei, Zheng Minghui. Sources, Analytical Methods and Environmental Characteristics of Polybrominated Biphenyls[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2014, 26(08): 1434-1444 DOI:10.7536/PC140335

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