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转肽酶Sortase A在蛋白质修饰中的应用
Applications of Transpeptidase Sortase A for Protein Modifications
近年来，发展蛋白质与多肽的化学选择性连接与修饰方法已成为化学生物学的研究热点。这类方法可以在很大程度上弥补基因工程技术无法制备翻译后修饰蛋白与人工改造蛋白的缺陷，得到目前无法通过生物表达的功能蛋白。20世纪90年代末，人们从金黄色葡萄球菌中分离得到转肽酶Sortase A，它能够选择性识别特异性多肽序列LPXTG，并在特定位点切断氨基酸的肽键进而将其与一个新的肽链连接。该特性使Sortase A有望成为一种高效、通用的蛋白质修饰的工具。与传统的化学合成相比，Sortase催化的化学半合成方法，可以较好的解决化学合成蛋白的尺寸问题。本文就近年来Sortase A在蛋白质修饰及合成中的研究进展进行简要综述。
In recent years, the development of chemical biology has been increasing focusing on efficient and mild methods for chemo-selective ligations and site-specific proteins labeling and modifications. These methods have ability to obtain large amount of post translational modifications and artificial proteins, which could not be acquired by using traditional gene cloning and recombinant protein expression strategy. In later 1990s, a new transpeptidase Sortase A was isolated from Staphylococcus Aureus, which can be used to modify proteins bearing a short recognition sequence (most usually as LPXTG or LPAAG). The active-site Cys residue of Sortase A cleaves between LPXT and G residue to produce a thioester intermediate, which can reacts with a nucleophile containing one to five Gly to afford the ligation product. Base on above-mentioned reason, the Sortase-mediated ligation has been successfully applied to many fields such as C-terminals protein modification, labeling and protein semisynthesis with high efficiency recently. Compared to traditional chemical synthesis,Sortase catalyzed semi-chemical synthesis method can preferably address the size problem of protein chemical synthesis. This mini review reports and discusses the recent important development of protein ligations, labeling and modifications by using Sortase mediated ligation method.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The structure of Sortase and the mechanism of the transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by Sortase
3 Sortases as tools for protein ligations and modifications
3.1 Validation of the in vitro Sortase activity
3.2 Seek for the mutants of Sortase
3.3 Immobilization of Sortase
4 Application of Sortase to protein ligations and modifications
4.1 C terminal modifications
4.2 N terminal modifications
4.3 C and N terminal modifications
4.4 Preparation of unnatural N-N/C-C chimeric proteins by using Sortase
4.5 Protein immobilization
4.6 Preparation of cyclopeptides
4.7 Sortase-tag expressed protein ligation reaction
4.8 Other applications
5 Conclusion and outlook
转肽酶Sortase
Sortase A
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