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用于锕系分离和三价镧系/锕系分离的水溶性配体
Water-Soluble Ligands Used in the Separation of Actinides and the Partitioning of Trivalent Lanthanides from Actinides
三价镧系（Lns（Ⅲ））与锕系（Ans（Ⅲ））分离是核工业高放废液处理过程中十分重要的环节。由于两者物理化学性质极为相近，分离难度很大，Lns（Ⅲ）与Ans（Ⅲ）的分离被公认为是最具挑战性的课题之一，迄今尚未得到满意解决。为实现两者的分离，技术上有两条途径可供选择：一是开发对Ans（Ⅲ）有高选择性的脂溶性萃取剂；二是开发对Ans（Ⅲ）有良好配位性质的水溶性配体。近年来，这两方面研究都已取得了较大进展。就后者而言，发现一些水溶性酰胺和吡啶衍生物、氨羧络合剂等配体对Ans（Ⅲ）有很好的选择性。它们已作为Ans（Ⅲ）的反萃剂或掩蔽剂用于Lns（Ⅲ）与Ans（Ⅲ）的分离。为此，本文就这些水溶性配体在对Lns（Ⅲ）和Ans（Ⅲ）萃取的影响、配合物组成与结构以及配位反应热力学性质等研究方面取得的进展进行综述，并对进一步的研究工作提出了一些建议。
The partitioning of the trivalent lanthanides (Lns(Ⅲ)) and actinides (Ans(Ⅲ)) is a key step of high level liquid waste processing in nuclear industry. Due to the very similar physical chemical properties between Lns(Ⅲ) and Ans(Ⅲ), their partitioning is so difficult as to be considered as one of the most challenging issues which has not been satisfactorily solved yet. For the partitioning of Lns(Ⅲ) and Ans(Ⅲ), there are two ways to be chosen in technology. One is to develop the lipophilic extractants with high selectivity for Ans(Ⅲ), and the other is to exploit the hydrophilic ligands with good coordination properties for Ans(Ⅲ). In recent years, the considerable progresses are made on both ways. In regard of the research and development for the latter, it is found that some water-soluble ligands such as complexones, water-soluble amides and pyridine derivatives exhibit good selectivity for Ans(Ⅲ) in aqueous solution. For the past few years, these water-soluble ligands as stripping or masking agents have been used for the separation of Ans(Ⅲ) from Lns(Ⅲ). In the present paper, the progress on the water-soluble ligands for the separation of Ans and the partitioning of Lns(Ⅲ) from Ans(Ⅲ) are reviewed from the following aspects: the influences on the extraction of Lns(Ⅲ) and Ans(Ⅲ); the composition and structures of complexes; as well as the thermodynamic properties for coordination reaction. In addition, some advices are also given for further exploration.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Water-soluble ligands
2.1 Water-soluble amides
2.2 Complexones
2.3 Water-soluble pyridine derivatives
3 Conclusion and outlook
actinides
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