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钛酸锂基锂离子电池的析气特性
Characteristic of Gas Evolution in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using An Anode Based on Lithium Titanate
目前商用锂离子电池主要使用碳负极材料.零应变的钛酸锂被认为是比碳更安全、寿命更长的负极材料,在混合电动汽车和风/光/电并网、智能电网等领域有独特的应用前景.但是,采用钛酸锂负极的锂离子电池在充放电及储存过程中极易发生气胀,从而导致外壳变形、电池向外析气、电池性能急剧下降等问题,这是制约钛酸锂实际应用的最大障碍.本文首先介绍了钛酸锂基锂离子电池的产业发展状况,其采用的正极材料分别为Li(NixCoyMn1-x-y)O2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4与LiCoO2等四种.针对其气胀问题,从钛酸锂电极材料的界面特性、水分、电解液还原分解、负极电位、杂质等方面综述了相关的最新研究进展.同时结合本课题组的研究工作,从材料、工艺、使用等角度指出了气胀的改进措施,最后,提出钛酸锂基锂离子电池气胀方面亟待解决的问题及今后的研究重点.
At present, carbonaceous materials are extensively adopted as an anode for commercial lithium-ion batteries. Zero-strain lithium titanate is generally considered as a more safe and long-life span anode compared with carbonaceous materials, and it will find specific applications in various fields such as hybrid electric vehicles, wind-light-electricity grids, and smart grids. However, the lithium-ion batteries using the lithium titanate as anode will easily swell during the charge-discharge cycle and storage, thus resulting in shell distortion, gas evolution, performance deterioration, and so on. This greatly prevents the practical application of lithium titanate.In this paper, the industrial developments of the four kinds of lithium-ion batteries using the lithium titanate anode are reviewed, and the associated cathode materials are Li (Nix Coy Mn1-x-y) O2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, and LiCoO2, respectively. The latest research progress of the gas evolution mechanism is summarized from the perspectives of the interfacial characteristics, the water content, the electrolyte reductive decomposition, the negative electrode potential, and the impurities. At the same time, combined with the author's research work, the improving measures are put forward from the viewpoints of material, process, and application. Finally, the key issues and prospects of gassing are also commented.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Industry status of lithium ion battery using lithium titanate as anode materials
3 Interface properties of lithium titanate material
4 The mechanism of gas evolution in lithium-ion batteries using an anode based on lithium titanate
4.1 Moisture
4.2 In the decomposition of electrolyte solution of lithium titanate electrode surface
4.3 Gas evolution reaction and the negative electrode potential
4.4 Impurities
5 Method to suppress gas evolution in lithium-ion batteries using an anode based on lithium titanate
5.1 Remove water or acid
5.2 Optimization of electrolyte
5.3 Surface treatment of lithium titanate material
5.4 Battery temperature and gas evolution
5.5 Optimization of lithium titanate battery manufacture process
6 Conclusion and outlook
lithium titanate
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