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化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭
Chemically Driven [2] Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles
机械互锁的轮烷型分子梭在分子机器化学领域具有重要的位置,可通过"积小为大"的方法在分子水平进行新材料的自组装.在外界的刺激下,大环分子可以在轴分子的不同识别位点间或态间往复穿梭,从而引起体系物理或化学性质的交替变化,这种变化又构成了一类基本的机械开关,可以用来执行特定的功能,在分子开关、信息储存和处理等领域具有潜在的应用前景,是超分子化学领域的研究热点.本文以[2]轮烷型分子梭的驱动力(外部刺激)为主线,分别从酸碱驱动、离子配位作用驱动和溶剂极性改变引起的疏水驱动等角度,综述了近年来化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭在合成和应用方面的最新研究进展,同时介绍了其他力(如热力学参数熵、互锁体系中修饰基团尺寸大小、外加化学氧化剂或还原剂、得失电子引起的电化学氧化还原以及紫外-可见光照射诱发的偶氮苯顺反光异构化等方式)驱动的轮烷型分子梭的进展,最后对化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭的未来发展趋势进行了展望.
Mechanically interlocked rotaxane molecular shuttles occupy an important position in the area of molecular machines chemistry, and is a good "bottom-up" strategy for the self-assembly of new materials at the molecular level. In such shuttles, a macrocycle can be translocated between different "stations" or recognition sites of the thread in response to an external stimulus. The alternation of relative positions of the interlocked components can result in varying physical or chemical properties. The alternative variation of properties constitutes a basic kind of mechanical switch, capable of performing particular functions. The above-mentioned molecular shuttles have attracted wide attentions of supramolecular chemists due to their potential applications as molecular devices for switches, information storage and processing, and so on. In this paper, the new research progress in chemically driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles on syntheses and applications in recent years is reviewed, based on the driving forces (i.e. external stimuli) such as acid/base driven, ion coordination interaction driven, hydrophobic interaction driven induced by the change of solvent polarity. And the other forces driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles are also summarized such as thermodynamical entropy, the size of the decorated groups in the interlocked system, chemical oxidants or reductants, electrochemical redox related to electron gain or loss, photoisomerization of the azobenzene unit between trans and cis isomer induced by UV or visible light irradiation, and so on. Furthermore, the future development of such [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles is prospected.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Chemically driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles
2.1 Acid/base driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles
2.2 Ion coordination interaction driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles
2.3 Hydrophobic interaction driven induced by the change of solvent polarity [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles
2.4 Other forces driven [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles
3 Conclusion and outlook
rotaxane
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