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木质素基酚类化合物加氢脱氧制取碳氢燃料
Production of Hydrocarbons via Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds
木质素是生物质中碳资源密度最高的组分.木质素到高品质液体燃料的转化主要通过其解聚的单环酚类化合物经加氢脱氧工艺来实现.来源于木质素的酚类化合物的加氢脱氧产物一般为C6~C10之间的碳氢化合物,与现有的商品汽油组分碳数分布一致,是理想的交通替代燃料.酚类化合物的加氢脱氧研究近年来发展迅速,文献报道数量激增.本文对硫化态Mo基催化剂、贵金属催化剂及非硫化非贵金属催化剂作用下单环酚类化合物的加氢脱氧反应特性分别进行了回顾,对典型酚类模型化合物在催化反应机理进行了简述,并对载体材料在加氢脱氧过程中的作用进行了介绍.随后,在此基础上总结了当前酚类化合物加氢脱氧过程中的难点,并对下一步的技术发展方向进行展望.
Lignin is the component with the highest carbon content in biomass. The transformation of lignin to high-grade liquid fuels can be achieved via hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of phenolic intermediates derived from the products of lignin depolymerization. The octane numbers of the hydrodeoxygenation products of phenolic intermediates are quite high. They have vapor pressures and carbon atom number (C6~C10) within the range of gasoline. Thus, these hydrodeoxygenation products would be the most desirable components for a fungible liquid transportation fuel. This is very meaningful to application of lignin. Recently, researches about the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds develop rapidly. In this paper, the HDO reactions of phenolic compounds using sulfided Mo-based catalyst, noble metal catalyst and inexpensive non-sulfided catalyst are reviewed in detail. It is found that most of the investigated catalysts are bifunctional catalysts, combining the hydrogenation function of active metal with hydrolysis and dehydration of support. The catalytic mechanism for the HDO of phenolic compounds is sketched, and the effects of catalyst supporter on the catalytic activity are also discussed. Furthermore, the current technique challenges are summarized, and future technologic explorations for the efficient hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds are proposed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Sulfided Mo-based catalysts
3 Noble catalysts
4 Inexpensive non-sulfided catalysts
5 Effects of supports
6 Conclusions and outlook
木质素
lignin
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