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软质PVC制品中增塑剂迁移带来的问题及应对
Issues Caused by Migration of Plasticizers from Flexible PVC and Its Countermeasures
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是世界第二大通用塑料,其中软质PVC制品占PVC市场份额的30%,它被广泛用于制造人造皮革、食品包装材料、电线电缆和儿童玩具等。软质PVC中使用的增塑剂主要是邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),它具有与PVC相容性良好、增塑效率高、价格低廉、不影响制品的安全性和电绝缘性等诸多优点。但由于DEHP为小分子物质,且与PVC之间并无化学键合,其添加量又通常高达30 wt%~50 wt%, 因此DEHP容易迁移到外部介质中,使制品的性能劣化,同时造成环境污染。在医疗器械和儿童玩具等敏感领域,DEHP的迁移还会危害人体健康。因此,增塑剂迁移所带来的问题引起了人们的广泛关注,亟待解决。本文介绍了DEHP迁移所带来的问题及DEHP目前所面临的使用禁令和争议,全面综述了国内外近年来为解决DEHP迁移所采取的应对措施及获得的研究成果,并对各种措施的优缺点进行了总结,以期进行更深入的研究,找到更为科学和有效的解决方案。
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the world's second largest general plastic. 30% of PVC are flexible products and have been extensively used in artificial leather, food packing, electric wire, children's toys, etc. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer in flexible PVC for it's excellent performances, such as good compatibility with PVC, high plasticizing efficiency, low cost, no effect on safety and electrical insulation of products, and so on. But DEHP is a small molecule compound and is associated with PVC through secondary bond rather than chemical bond, and its content is usually as high as 30~50 wt%, thus it can easily migrate from PVC matrix into external medium, which causes deterioration of flexible PVC's properties and environmental pollution. In sensitive areas such as children's toys and medical devices, migration of DEHP can also be hazardous to human health. So migration of DEHP has aroused wide concern and is exigent to be solved. In this paper, issues caused by migration of DEHP and the current bans and controversies on its usage are introduced. Then the countermeasures and recent scientific approaches in dealing with these issues are comprehensively reviewed. In the end, advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are summarized in order to research more in-depth and more effectively in the near future.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Migration of DEHP and its controversies
3 Use restrictions and bans of DEHP
4 Solutions to reduce migration of plasticizers in flexible PVC
4.1 Migration resistant plasticizers
4.2 Increasing interactions between plasticizer and PVC
4.3 Surface treatment
5 Conclusion and outlook
软质PVC
flexible PVC
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