人体呼出气分析的技术进展及其在非侵入式医学诊断方面的临床应用前景

李雯雯; 段忆翔

doi:10.7536/PC141021

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4) :321-335 DOI: 10.7536/PC141021

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人体呼出气分析的技术进展及其在非侵入式医学诊断方面的临床应用前景

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Human Exhaled Breath Analysis: Trends in Techniques and Its Potential Applications in Non-Invasive Clinical Diagnosis

Li Wenwen¹, Duan Yixiang*²

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摘要

人体呼出气被视为血液顶空气体,通过肺泡交换排出体外,可在一定程度上反映人体的内源代谢情况。近些年,随着医学诊断无损化的不断发展,呼出气分析由于其无创性,无痛性,便捷性,具有临床疾病早期诊断与大规模筛查的潜力,受到越来越多的关注。研究表明,呼出气中包含的挥发性有机化合物和人体的疾病代谢状态密切相关,如丙酮与糖尿病,醛类物质与乳腺癌,烷烃类与氧化应激水平等。现代分析方法(如气相色谱、质谱、光谱、传感器等)对呼出气中上千种痕量组分的定性定量分析,使得呼出气分析成为可能。此文总结了呼出气分析的技术发展:样品采集手段,预富集技术和定性定量分析技术。评价了呼出气生物标识物在糖尿病,乳腺癌,以及肺癌等疾病中的临床诊断前景。最后讨论了呼出气分析的技术在国内的发展现状及其面临的主要问题。

Abstract

Human exhaled gas excreting through alveolar exchange is considered as the top air of blood, which reflects the endogenous metabolism of human body to some extent. In recent years, with the development of non-invasive medical diagnosis, breath analysis, as one of the least invasive and painless technique, attracts more and more attention when applying to clinical early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Modern analytical methods (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, optical spectrum, sensor arrays) make diagnosis of diseases based on human exhaled gases possible, with sufficient accuracy and precision for qualitative and quantitative analysis of thousands of trace components in breath. Researches on human exhaled breath samples indicate that there are correlations existing between volatile organic components (VOCs) in breath and the metabolic status of diseases, for instance, breath acetone diabetes, aldehydes and breast cancer, alkanes (ethane, pentane) and oxidative stress. This paper gives an overview of present techniques used for human exhaled breath sampling and pre-concentration. The qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques using GC-MS, SIFT-MS (selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry), PTR-MS (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry), and optical spectrum and chemical sensors are also summarized. In this review, the potential biomarkers in human exhaled breath for diabetes, breast cancer, and lung cancer are discussed in the second part. Furthermore, the present situation of breath analysis in China and key issues existing in breath analysis are also given some attentions in this paper.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Analytical techniques
2.1 Sampling
2.2 Pre-concentration
2.3 Qualitative and quantitative analysis
3 Potential applications in non-invasive clinical diagnosis
3.1 Diabetes
3.2 Breast cancer
3.3 Lung diseases
3.4 Oxidative stress
4 Conclusion and outlook

关键词

呼出气分析 / 生物标识物 / 无创性 / 疾病诊断 / 挥发性有机化合物

Key words

exhaled breath analysis / biomarker / non-invasive / disease diagnosis / volatile organic components

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李雯雯, 段忆翔. 人体呼出气分析的技术进展及其在非侵入式医学诊断方面的临床应用前景[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(4): 321-335 DOI:10.7536/PC141021

Li Wenwen, Duan Yixiang. Human Exhaled Breath Analysis: Trends in Techniques and Its Potential Applications in Non-Invasive Clinical Diagnosis[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(4): 321-335 DOI:10.7536/PC141021

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2014-10-01	2015-04-15	2014-11-01
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