超疏水膜的制备及其在膜蒸馏过程中的应用

田苗苗; 李雪梅; 殷勇; 何涛; 刘金盾

doi:10.7536/PC150102

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8) :1033-1041 DOI: 10.7536/PC150102

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超疏水膜的制备及其在膜蒸馏过程中的应用

^1,2

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Preparation of Superhydrophobic Membranes and Their Application in Membrane Distillation

Tian Miaomiao^1,2, Li Xuemei², Yin Yong², He Tao*², Liu Jindun*¹

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摘要

超疏水材料具有超高的憎水性和自清洁特性,因而在解决材料的润湿和污染方面具有广泛的应用前景。膜蒸馏是一种以多孔疏水膜两侧蒸汽压差为推动力的膜分离过程,是脱盐和水回用中的重要技术。然而膜润湿和污染问题是导致膜蒸馏过程出水品质下降和应用过程稳定性差的关键。本文以膜蒸馏过程为背景,系统介绍了蒸馏过程的发展状况和超疏水膜材料的制备方法,以及超疏水膜在膜蒸馏中的应用,探讨了超疏水膜材料在膜蒸馏过程中的优势,同时指出了其不足和可能的解决方法,以期为膜蒸馏材料的发展提供研究方向和思路。

Abstract

Superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by their high water repellency and self-cleaning properties, which is potentially applicable in areas where anti-wetting and anti-fouling properties are highly desired. Membrane distillation (MD) is driven by the vapor pressure gradient across a porous hydrophobic membrane, and is versatile in desalination and water reclamation processes. However, membrane wetting and fouling are two major issues in the application of MD. Based on the state-of-art development of MD, this mini-review provides an overview on the preparation of superhydrophobic membranes and their application in MD. The merits of application of superhydrophobic membranes are illustrated, in addition to the shortcomings of superhydrophobic surfaces. This review is critical in pointing out new research directions and schemes for the development of the MD membrane.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Membrane distillation (MD)
2.1 MD operation modes
2.2 Characteristics of MD process
2.3 MD membranes
3 Superhydrophobic membranes
3.1 Theoretical background of wettability
3.2 Preparation of superhydrophobic membranes
4 Application of superhydrophobic membranes in MD process
4.1 Advantages of using superhydrophobic membranes
4.2 Problems to be solved
5 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

膜蒸馏 / 超疏水 / 抗润湿 / 抗污染 / 膜制备

Key words

membrane distillation / superhydrophobic / anti-wetting / anti-fouling / membrane preparation

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田苗苗, 李雪梅, 殷勇, 何涛, 刘金盾. 超疏水膜的制备及其在膜蒸馏过程中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(8): 1033-1041 DOI:10.7536/PC150102

Tian Miaomiao, Li Xuemei, Yin Yong, He Tao, Liu Jindun. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Membranes and Their Application in Membrane Distillation[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(8): 1033-1041 DOI:10.7536/PC150102

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