金纳米棒的制备、生长机理及纯化

鲁闻生; 王海飞; 张建平; 江龙

doi:10.7536/PC150111

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7) :785-793 DOI: 10.7536/PC150111

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金纳米棒的制备、生长机理及纯化

鲁闻生*, 王海飞, 张建平, 江龙*

作者信息 +

Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Growth Mechanism and Purification

Lu Wensheng*, Wang Haifei, Zhang Jianping, Jiang Long*

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摘要

金纳米棒由于其独特物理性质而在众多的各向异性金纳米颗粒中赢得了关注。目前,金纳米棒在纳米电子学、光学、生物医药等研究领域均具有良好的应用前景。对金纳米棒合成的有效调控直接决定着其形状、尺寸和长径比,而这些又进一步影响着金纳米棒的物理性质。本文梳理了金纳米棒制备方法的发展脉络,以模板法、电化学方法、种子生长法以及近年来出现的无种子生长法为主线,系统综述了金纳米棒制备过程实验参数调控对产物结构、物理性质的影响,详细阐述了关于单晶以及孪晶金纳米棒的生长机理,并介绍了提高产物纯度的分离纯化手段。

Abstract

Gold nanorods have caused much attention due to their unique physical properties. Nowadays, gold nanorods have created a great promise for their use in nanoelectronic, optical and biomedical applications. By adjustment of experimental conditions, the morphology, size and aspect ratio of gold nanorod can be finely controlled, which finally affect the physical properties of gold nanorods. In this review, the various synthesis methods of gold nanorods, such as template method, electrochemical synthesis method, seeded growth method and even recently developed seedless growth method are summarized. The effects of experimental conditions on the crystal structures and physical properties of gold nanorods are discussed in detail, along with the recent research progress on the growth mechanism of single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned nanorods. Finally, general strategies to improve the purity of product are provided.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of gold nanorods
2.1 Template method
2.2 Electrochemical synthesis
2.3 Seeded growth method
2.4 Seedless growth method
3 Crystal structure and growth mechanism
3.1 Crystal structure
3.2 Growth mechanism
4 Purification
5 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

金纳米棒 / 制备 / 生长机理 / 纯化 / 晶体结构

Key words

gold nanorods / synthesis / growth mechanism / purification / crystal structure

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鲁闻生, 王海飞, 张建平, 江龙. 金纳米棒的制备、生长机理及纯化[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(7): 785-793 DOI:10.7536/PC150111

Lu Wensheng, Wang Haifei, Zhang Jianping, Jiang Long. Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Growth Mechanism and Purification[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(7): 785-793 DOI:10.7536/PC150111

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