离子液体及离子液体膜在天然气净化方面的应用

孟艳山; 陈玉焕; 邓雨晨; 张姝明; 王桂香

doi:10.7536/PC150122

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9) :1324-1332 DOI: 10.7536/PC150122

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离子液体及离子液体膜在天然气净化方面的应用

^2*

作者信息 +

Perspectives on Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Membranes for Natural Gas Sweetening

Meng Yanshan¹, Chen Yuhuan^2*, Deng Yuchen², Zhang Shuming², Wang Guixiang²

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摘要

天然气净化对天然气这一清洁、高效的一次能源及我国快速增长的消费需求具有重要的战略意义。离子液体因挥发性低、溶解能力强、结构和性质可调控性强等优点,在离子液体膜净化气体方面获得高度关注。本文系统地总结了离子液体膜富集分离CO₂及其他气体的性能,包括常规离子液体、功能化离子液体、聚合物离子液体、离子液体混合物;讨论了离子液体结构(如阳离子取代基链长、取代基对称性、阴离子结构大小、阴离子氟化)、膜支撑材料性能(如水溶性、孔径大小)及水含量等因素对膜性能的影响;对各种方法的优缺点及使用条件进行详细的阐述;并提出今后离子液体膜在气体净化方面的发展方向。

Abstract

Natural gas sweetening, especially CO₂ cleaning, is an important prerequisite in many different applications and industrial areas for meeting increased environmental requirements. Ionic liquids as green solvents have attracted great attention due to the unique properties, e.g., extremely low vapor pressure, non-flammable, excellent solvent power for organic and inorganic compounds and easy to be modified structurally to elicit desired physical properties. As a result, ionic liquid membranes are emerging as promising candidates rivaling with conventional amine scrubbing. This brief review presents a survey of the most recent development in ionic liquid membranes for natural gas sweetening. Membranes based on all kinds of ionic liquids, e.g., conventional ionic liquids, task-specific ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids and ionic liquid mixtures have been reviewed. The properties of ionic liquids are greatly affected by structures, such as alkyl chain length on cation, anion size and functionalization of both cations and anions. In addition to the above effects, performances of ionic liquid membranes are also involved in pore size and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of supporting membranes, humidity/water content and free ionic liquids in poly ionic liquids. Furthermore, the future developments of ionic liquid membranes for gas sweetening are suggested aiming to expand these membranes to large scale processes.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Kinds of ionic liquids
3 Ionic liquid membranes for acid gas capture
3.1 Membranes based on conventional ionic liquid
3.2 Membranes based on task-specific ionic liquid
3.3 Membranes based on polymerized ionic liquid
3.4 Membranes based on ionic liquid mixture
4 Conclusions and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

离子液体膜 / 酸性气体 / 捕集 / 吸收 / 天然气净化

Key words

ionic liquid membranes / acid gases / capture / absorption / natural gas sweetening

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孟艳山, 陈玉焕, 邓雨晨, 张姝明, 王桂香. 离子液体及离子液体膜在天然气净化方面的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(9): 1324-1332 DOI:10.7536/PC150122

Meng Yanshan, Chen Yuhuan, Deng Yuchen, Zhang Shuming, Wang Guixiang. Perspectives on Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Membranes for Natural Gas Sweetening[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(9): 1324-1332 DOI:10.7536/PC150122

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