正渗透膜支撑层结构优化的研究进展

徐佳, 唐媛媛, 高从堦

doi:10.7536/PC150153

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8) :1025-1032 DOI: 10.7536/PC150153

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正渗透膜支撑层结构优化的研究进展

徐佳, 唐媛媛, 高从堦

作者信息 +

Research Progress on Optimizing the Structure of Support Layers in Forward Osmosis Membrane

Xu Jia, Tang Yuanyuan, Gao Congjie

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摘要

随着世界经济高速发展和人口不断增长,全球淡水资源和能源危机日渐加剧。为了改善这一状况,人们将目光投向了海洋,海水淡化显示出强大的生命力。正渗透技术由于其低能耗,少污染,成为一种极具发展潜力的海水淡化新技术。正渗透膜作为其关键技术之一,已引起全世界相关学者的广泛关注。然而,正渗透膜支撑层中存在严重的内浓差极化现象,大幅降低了正渗透性能,是正渗透膜进一步发展和应用的瓶颈。针对此,本文以内浓差极化现象为线索,围绕支撑层材料与结构,介绍了传统支撑层(传统相转化支撑层和织物支撑层)的优化方法和新型支撑层(包括静电纺丝支撑层、纳米颗粒掺杂支撑层及新型相转化支撑层等)的特点、制备方法及结构对提高正渗透性能的贡献等。最后展望了未来正渗透膜支撑层材料和结构的发展趋势,以提高正渗透膜性能及在更多领域中的应用。

Abstract

With the rapid development of world economy and the exponentially growing population, both freshwater shortages and energy crises have plagued many communities around the world. The ocean is expected to mitigate the problems because seawater desalination has shown strong vitality. Forward osmosis is becoming a potential technology of producing both clean energy and clean water due to its low energy consumption and less pollution. However, the internal concentration polarization in the support layer is the main barrier to restrict the performance of forward osmosis membrane. This paper focuses on the internal concentration polarization to introduce the materials and structure of the support layer, in particular, the optimization of traditional support layer (traditional phase inversion support layer and fabrics support layer) and the characteristics and preparation methods of the novel support layer (electrostatic spinning support layer, nanoparticles doped support layer and novel phase inversion support layer). Meanwhile, the paper prospects the development trend of support layer, so that the forward osmosis technology can further expand in different fields.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The internal concentration polarization and membrane structure parameters of forward osmosis membranes
2.1 The internal concentration polarization
2.2 Membrane structure parameters
3 The improvement of traditional support layer structure
3.1 Phase inversion support layer
3.2 Fabrics support layer
4 The novel forward osmosis membrane support layer
4.1 Electrostatic spinning support layer
4.2 Nanoparticles doped support layer
4.3 Novel phase inversion support layer
5 Conclusion and outlook

关键词

正渗透 / 支撑层 / 内浓差极化 / 膜结构参数 / 优化

Key words

forward osmosis / support layer / internal concentration polarization / membrane structure parameters / optimization

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徐佳, 唐媛媛, 高从堦. 正渗透膜支撑层结构优化的研究进展[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(8): 1025-1032 DOI:10.7536/PC150153

Xu Jia, Tang Yuanyuan, Gao Congjie. Research Progress on Optimizing the Structure of Support Layers in Forward Osmosis Membrane[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(8): 1025-1032 DOI:10.7536/PC150153

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Received	Published	Revised
2015-01-01	2015-08-15	2015-04-01
Online Date
2015-06-05

摘要

Abstract

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