石墨烯气凝胶吸附剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用

孙怡然; 杨明轩; 于飞; 陈君红; 马杰

doi:10.7536/PC150226

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8) :1133-1146 DOI: 10.7536/PC150226

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石墨烯气凝胶吸附剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用

^1,2

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Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel Adsorbents and Their Applications in Water Treatment

Sun Yiran¹, Yang Mingxuan¹, Yu Fei*^1,2, Chen Junhong¹, Ma Jie¹

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摘要

石墨烯气凝胶(GA)是以石墨烯为主体的三维互联的多孔网络结构,因其具有优良的结构可控性、极大的比表面积、独特的空间互联结构、良好的电子传输能力成为水处理中应用的理想材料。至今已经有大量制备GA的方法,其性能和结构因制备方法的不同差异很大,但是尚未有文献系统地报道GA的制备机理和不同方法与GA结构及性能之间的联系。本文系统性地介绍GA吸附剂的制备方法与它在水处理中的应用并进行展望。对GA的结构特性尤其是与吸附有关的特性以及结构和吸附之间的关系进行分析,并通过对GA的制备机理和制备过程中的关键因素进行归纳,基于GA的制备机理将其制备方法进行分类(模板法、垫片支撑法、自支撑法、基面法和凝胶法)并对五种方法进行了详细介绍,对目前GA在水处理技术中(吸附、光催化、去离子电容等)去除重金属和有机污染物相关应用和机理进行综述,最后对目前GA在环境中应用中存在的问题及研究前景进行了总结和展望。

Abstract

Graphene aerogels(GA) are three-dimensional(3D) graphene-based macrostructures with well-defined interconnected porous networks. Their excellent features, including large surface area, controllable porous structure, ability of electronic transmission and unique interconnected networks, make them an ideal material for water treatment. Up to now, there are many fabrication methods for preparing GA which differs in performance and structure. However, their methodology and relationships between different methods, structures and features haven't been reported systematically. This review aims to describe the fabrication methods for preparing GA absorbents as well as their applications in water treatment and perspective. Thus, the structural features of GA, especially those related to adsorption and relationships between structures and adsorption are analyzed. The methodology and key factors in preparing process which have an influence on structures of GA are also summarized. Based on the methodology, the synthesis methods for preparing GA can be classified to five types, namely template method, intercalation method, self-supporting method, substrate-casting method and gelation, which are described and exampled in detail. Applications as well as mechanisms in water treatment, including adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals, oil-water separation, photocatalysis and capacitive deionization are systematically reviewed. Finally, the problems in environmental applications and prospects of further research are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Structures and adsorptional features of GA
3 Fabrication methods
3.1 Template method
3.2 Intercalation method
3.3 Self-supporting method
3.4 Substrate-casting method
3.5 Gelation
4 Methodology and key factors of preparing GA
5 Applications of GA in water treatment
5.1 Capacitive Deionization
5.2 Adsorption
5.3 Photocatalysis
6 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

石墨烯气凝胶 / 制备方法 / 去离子电容 / 光催化 / 吸附

Key words

graphene aerogel / fabrication methods / capacitive deionization / photocatalysis / adsorption

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孙怡然, 杨明轩, 于飞, 陈君红, 马杰. 石墨烯气凝胶吸附剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(8): 1133-1146 DOI:10.7536/PC150226

Sun Yiran, Yang Mingxuan, Yu Fei, Chen Junhong, Ma Jie. Synthesis of Graphene Aerogel Adsorbents and Their Applications in Water Treatment[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(8): 1133-1146 DOI:10.7536/PC150226

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