多孔石墨烯材料

刘小波; 寇宗魁; 木士春

doi:10.7536/PC150508

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11) :1566-1577 DOI: 10.7536/PC150508

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多孔石墨烯材料

刘小波, 寇宗魁, 木士春*

作者信息 +

Porous Graphene Materials

Liu Xiaobo, Kou Zongkui, Mu Shichun*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

多孔石墨烯是指在二维基面上具有纳米级孔隙的碳材料,是近年来石墨烯缺陷功能化的研究热点。多孔石墨烯不仅保留了石墨烯优良的性质,而且相比惰性的石墨烯表面,孔的存在促进了物质运输效率的提高,特别是原子级别的孔可以起到筛分不同尺寸的离子、分子的作用。更重要的是,孔的引入还有效地打开了石墨烯的能带隙,促进了石墨烯在电子器件领域的应用。本文阐述了多孔石墨烯的一些基本性质和特性,并对其理论研究、制备方法和应用的研究进展进行了评述。其中,多孔石墨烯的制备方法主要包括光刻法、催化刻蚀法、化学气相沉积法、湿法刻蚀、碳热还原法、溶剂热法和自由基攻击法。多孔石墨烯优异的特性使其在能源储存与转换材料(锂离子电池、超级电容器、燃料电池等)、DNA分子检测、化学传感器、场效应晶体管、分子筛和海水淡化等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。

Abstract

Porous graphene, which refers to graphene containing nanopores in the two-dimensional basal plane, has aroused great interest. Porous graphene not only retains the excellent intrinsic prosperities of original graphene, but also opens up an energy gap to generate a semiconducting carbon film. The existing nanopores can improve mass transfer efficiency when compared to inactive surface of graphene, thus the porous graphene has more widespread application perspective. Here, the aspects of theoretical base, synthesis methods and applications of porous graphene are reviewed. The synthesis methods mainly include lithography, catalytic etching, chemical vapor deposition, wet etching, carbothermal reduction, solvothermal synthesis and free radical attack. Meanwhile, the application of porous graphene predominantly focuses on fields of energy storage and conversion materials(e.g., fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium ion batteries), field effect transistors, chemical sensors, water desalination, molecular sieves and DNA sequencing.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical base and properties of porous graphene
3 Synthesis of porous graphene
3.1 Lithography techniques
3.2 Catalytic etching methods
3.3 Chemical vapor deposition method
3.4 Wet etching
3.5 Carbothermal reduction method
3.6 Solvothermal synthesis
3.7 Free radical attack method
3.8 Other methods
4 Applications
4.1 Fuel cell materials
4.2 Supercapacitors electrode materials
4.3 Lithium ion battery electrode materials
4.4 Field effect transistors
4.5 Chemical sensors
4.6 Water desalination
4.7 Molecular sieve
4.8 DNA sequencing
5 Existing problems
6 Conclusion and perspectives

Graphical abstract

关键词

石墨烯 / 纳米孔 / 合成方法 / 新能源材料 / 电子材料 / 分子筛 / 水处理 / 生物材料

Key words

graphene / nanopores / synthesis method / new energy materials / electronic materials / molecular sieves / water treatment / biomaterials

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刘小波, 寇宗魁, 木士春. 多孔石墨烯材料[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(11): 1566-1577 DOI:10.7536/PC150508

Liu Xiaobo, Kou Zongkui, Mu Shichun. Porous Graphene Materials[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(11): 1566-1577 DOI:10.7536/PC150508

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