高密度航空航天燃料合成化学

潘伦; 邓强; 鄂秀天凤; 聂根阔; 张香文; 邹吉军

doi:10.7536/PC150531

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11) :1531-1541 DOI: 10.7536/PC150531

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高密度航空航天燃料合成化学

潘伦, 邓强, 鄂秀天凤, 聂根阔, 张香文, 邹吉军*

作者信息 +

Synthesis Chemistry of High-Density Fuels for Aviation and Aerospace Propulsion

Pan Lun, Deng Qiang, E Xiutianfeng, Nie Genkuo, Zhang Xiangwen, Zou Jijun*

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摘要

高密度液体碳氢燃料是为提高航空航天飞行器性能(航程、载荷、速度)而人工合成的燃料,与常规燃料(例如航空煤油和火箭煤油)相比,具有高密度和高体积热值等优点,具有重要的应用价值。本文首先从分子结构的角度阐述高密度燃料的特征及合成策略,然后综述了几类典型燃料的合成进展,包括通过加成、加氢、异构等反应合成多环烃类燃料和烷基金刚烃类燃料,通过环丙烷化和光化学等反应合成高张力燃料(环丙烷燃料、四环庚烷燃料和五环十一烷燃料),通过聚合、缩合、烷基化等反应合成高密度生物质燃料,通过纳米颗粒表面改性制备含有硼、铝、碳等固体颗粒的纳米悬浮燃料。同时,也总结了一些重要反应涉及的催化剂和量子化学机理,以及代表性燃料的性能参数等。最后,在此基础上对高密度燃料合成化学的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract

There has been a consistent drive to improve the volumetric energy content of liquid fuels to extend the flight distance, flight speed and loading capacity of aerospace vehicles. Compared with conventional jet fuels like aviation kerosene and rocket kerosene, high-density liquid hydrocarbon fuels can provide more propulsion energy and thus are specifically important to promote the performance of volume-limited aerospace vehicles. In this review, the molecular characteristics of high-density fuels and the strategy to synthesize them are first discussed. Then the important progress in synthesis of several typical fuels is summarized, including multi-cyclic and alkyl-diamondoid fuels synthesized by cycloaddition, hydrogenation and isomerization reactions, highly-strained fuels such as cyclopropanated hydrocarbons, quadricyclane and pentacyclo[5.4.0.0^2,6.0^3,10.0^5,9]undecane synthesized via cyclopropanation and photoisomerization, high-density biofuels synthesized from cyclic biomass-derived compounds via polymerization, condensation and alkylation reactions, and nano-suspension fuels prepared by surface-modification and stabilization of nanoparticles(aluminum, boron and carbon) in liquid fuels. Specifically, the catalysts and reaction mechanism involved in these processes are highlighted for better controlling the reactions towards higher synthesis efficiency. Also the parameters of typical fuels synthesized using the above-mentioned processes are listed to show the potential for practical application. Finally, an outlook for the synthesis of high-density fuel is given.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Molecular characteristic of high-density fuels
3 Synthesis of polycyclic hydrocarbon fuels
3.1 Oligomerization reaction
3.2 Hydrogenation reaction
3.3 Isomerization reaction
4 Synthesis of highly strained fuels
4.1 Cyclopropanated hydrocarbons
4.2 Quadricyclane
4.3 Pentacyclo[5.4.0.0^2,6.0^3,10.0^5,9]undecane and dimer
5 Synthesis of high-density biofuels
5.1 Pinene-derived fuels
5.2 Lignocellulose-derived fuels
6 Synthesis of nano-fluid fuels
7 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

高密度燃料 / 燃料化学 / 生物质燃料 / 纳米悬浮燃料 / 高张力燃料 / 量子化学机理计算

Key words

high-density fuel / fuel chemistry / biofuel / nano-fluid fuel / highly stained fuel / quantum mechanism computation

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潘伦, 邓强, 鄂秀天凤, 聂根阔, 张香文, 邹吉军. 高密度航空航天燃料合成化学[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(11): 1531-1541 DOI:10.7536/PC150531

Pan Lun, Deng Qiang, E Xiutianfeng, Nie Genkuo, Zhang Xiangwen, Zou Jijun. Synthesis Chemistry of High-Density Fuels for Aviation and Aerospace Propulsion[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(11): 1531-1541 DOI:10.7536/PC150531

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