电子穿梭体介导的微生物胞外电子传递:机制及应用

马金莲; 马晨; 汤佳; 周顺桂; 庄莉

doi:10.7536/PC150533

化学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12) :1833-1840 DOI: 10.7536/PC150533

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电子穿梭体介导的微生物胞外电子传递:机制及应用

^1,2,3

⁴

^3*

作者信息 +

Mechanisms and Applications of Electron Shuttle-Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer

Ma Jinlian^1,2,3, Ma Chen⁴, Tang Jia³, Zhou Shungui³, Zhuang Li^3*

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文章历史 +

摘要

厌氧条件下微生物将电子传递给胞外电子受体的现象非常普遍,电子穿梭体(electron shuttle,ES)是介导胞外电子传递过程的重要途径之一,但其具体的机制尚未明晰。一部分微生物自身能分泌一些物质作为内生ES,另一部分微生物能利用天然存在或人工合成的某些物质作为外生ES,并将其携带的电子传递至微生物胞外电子受体。ES介导微生物胞外电子传递的基本过程为:氧化态电子穿梭体(ES_ox)接受电子变成还原态(ES_red),ES_red传递电子给胞外电子受体,自身再次氧化成ES_ox,从而循环往复。本文重点介绍不同种类ES及其电子穿梭机制,以及ES的分子扩散、氧化还原电势及电子转移能力对胞外电子传递过程的影响。ES介导的胞外电子传递过程直接影响污染物转化和微生物产电,因此在污染修复及生物能源等方面具有重要的应用前景。

Abstract

Under anaerobic conditions, many microorganisms are capable of extracellular respiration involving electron transfer to or from extracellular substrates such as iron (hydr)oxides and humic substances. Electron shuttling is one of the significant strategies for extracellular electron transfer, however, the involved mechanism has not been thoroughly understood. Electron shuttles can be divided into endogenous electron shuttles that are self-produced by microbes themselves and exogenous electron shuttles that are natural substances or artificially synthesized materials. Electron shuttle-mediated extracellular electron transfer generally involves the following reactions: the oxidized form of electron shuttles (ES_ox) accept electrons from the oxidization of organic matter and become as the reduced form of electron shuttles (ES_red), then ES_red transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors and return to ES_ox. Through these steps, electron shuttles can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. This review mainly focuses on the electron transfer mechanisms of different electron shuttles, and the factors affecting extracellular electron transfer such as the molecule diffusion, redox potential and electron transfer capacity of electron shuttles. Electron shuttle-mediated extracellular electron transfer has significant influence on contaminants degradation and microbial electrogenesis, thus the better understanding of their mechanisms is very important to their implications in bioremediation and bioenergy.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Electron transfer mechanisms of different electron shuttles
2.1 Endogenous electron shuttles
2.2 Exogenous electron shuttles
3 Factors affecting extracellular electron transfer
3.1 Molecule diffusion
3.2 Redox potential
3.3 Electron transfer capacity
4 Environmental implications
4.1 The applications of electron shuttles in pollutant biodegradation
4.2 The applications of electron shuttles in bioelectrochemical systems
5 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

胞外电子传递 / 电子穿梭体 / 氧化还原 / 污染物生物降解 / 生物能源

Key words

extracellular electron transfer / electron shuttles / redox reactions / pollutant biodegradation / bioenergy

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马金莲, 马晨, 汤佳, 周顺桂, 庄莉. 电子穿梭体介导的微生物胞外电子传递:机制及应用[J]. 化学进展, 2015, 27(12): 1833-1840 DOI:10.7536/PC150533

Ma Jinlian, Ma Chen, Tang Jia, Zhou Shungui, Zhuang Li. Mechanisms and Applications of Electron Shuttle-Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2015, 27(12): 1833-1840 DOI:10.7536/PC150533

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