类石墨相C3N4光催化剂改性研究

徐建华; 谈玲华; 寇波; 杭祖圣; 姜炜; 郏永强

doi:10.7536/PC150734

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1) :131-148 DOI: 10.7536/PC150734

综述与评论

扫码查看或转发全文

类石墨相C₃N₄光催化剂改性研究

^1,2*

^1,2

作者信息 +

Modification of Graphtic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst

Xu Jianhua¹, Tan Linghua^1,2*, Kou Bo^1,2, Hang Zusheng^1,2, Jiang Wei³, Jia Yongqiang¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

半导体光催化技术不仅可以将太阳能转化为化学能,还可以直接降解和矿化有机污染物,因此其在抑制环境污染和解决能源短缺方面具有广阔的应用前景。类石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)具有独特的电子能带结构、优异的热稳定性以及化学稳定性,因此g-C₃N₄作为一种廉价的无金属光催化剂被广泛应用于光解水制氢产氧、污染物降解、光催化CO₂还原、抗菌和有机官能团选择性转换等领域。然而,传统热缩聚法合成的g-C₃N₄光催化剂比表面积小、禁带宽度大、光生电子-空穴易于复合、光生载流子传输慢,抑制了其光催化活性。为了进一步提高g-C₃N₄的光催化活性,出现了多种改性方法。本文针对g-C₃N₄光催化剂的改性研究,综述了近年来国内外在g-C₃N₄光催化剂改性方面的重要研究进展,如采用模板法优化g-C₃N₄的纳米结构、元素掺杂及共聚合调控g-C₃N₄的能带结构、贵金属沉积或半导体复合提高光生载流子分离效率等。最后,本文还展望了g-C₃N₄光催化剂在改性方面的未来发展趋势。

Abstract

Semiconductor photocatalysis not only can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy but also degrade and mineralize organic pollutants, which is considered as one of promising techniques to address the global energy and environmental problems. Due to the unique electronic band strcture, thermal and chemical stabilit,polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), which is a low-cost and metal-free photocatalyst is widely applied in hydrogen evolution, water oxidation, environmental remediation, CO₂-to-CO conversion, photocatalytic antibacterial, as well as originic photosynthesis. However, the g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst synthesized by traditional thermal polyconsendation method has small surface area and large band gap, and the photo-generated electron-hole pairs is easily to recombine, and the photon-generated carriers transfer slowly, all of these defects suppressed the photocatalytic activity severely. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄, some modification methods are utilized. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in the modification of g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst, including nanostructure designing, band gap engineering and promoting the separation of energy-wasteful charge recombination. At the end, the prospects for the modification of g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Nanostructure designing of g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst
2.1 Hard templates synthesis method
2.2 Soft templates synthesis method
2.3 Template-free method
3 Band gap engineering of g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst
3.1 Non-metal doping
3.2 Metal doping
3.3 Copolymerization
4 g-C₃N₄-based compound photocatalyst
4.1 g-C₃N₄/carbon composites photocatalyst
4.2 g-C₃N₄/sulfide composites photocatalyst
4.3 g-C₃N₄/halide composites photocatalyst
4.4 g-C₃N₄/metal composites photocatalyst
4.5 g-C₃N₄/metal oxide composites photocatalyst
4.6 Other g-C₃N₄ composites photocatalyst
5 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

类石墨相氮化碳 / 半导体 / 太阳能 / 光催化 / 改性

Key words

graphtic carbon nitride / semiconductor / solar energy / photocatalysis / modification

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

徐建华, 谈玲华, 寇波, 杭祖圣, 姜炜, 郏永强. 类石墨相C₃N₄光催化剂改性研究[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(1): 131-148 DOI:10.7536/PC150734

Xu Jianhua, Tan Linghua, Kou Bo, Hang Zusheng, Jiang Wei, Jia Yongqiang. Modification of Graphtic Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(1): 131-148 DOI:10.7536/PC150734

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

参考文献

原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用

[1] Bard A J. Science, 1980, 207: 139.
[2] Hoffmann M R, Martin S T, Choi W, Bahnemann D W. Chem. Rev., 1995, 95: 69.
[3] Chen X, Shen S, Guo L, Mao S. Chem. Rev., 2010, 110: 6503.
[4] Fujishima A, Honda K. Nature, 1972, 238: 37.
[5] Daghrir R, Drogui P, Robert D. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, 52: 3581.
[6] Wang X, Blechert S, Antonietti M. ACS Catal., 2012, 2: 1596.
[7] Cao S, Yu J. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2014, 5: 2101.
[8] Zhao Z, Sun Y, Dong F. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 15.
[9] Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson J M, Domen K, Antonietti M. Nat. Mater., 2008, 8: 76.
[10] Niu P, Zhang L, Liu G, Cheng H M. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2012, 22: 4763.
[11] Zhao Y, Zhao F, Wang X, Xu C, Zhang Z, Shi G, Qu L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 13934.
[12] Martin D J, Qiu K, ShevlinH S A, Handoko A D, Chen X, Guo Z, Tang J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 9240.
[13] Li X, Chen J, Wang X, Sun J, Antonietti M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133: 8074.
[14] Kroke E, Schwarz M, Horath-Bordon E, Kroll P, Noll B, Norman A. New J. Chem., 2002, 26: 508.
[15] Shi H, Chen G, Zhang C, Zou Z. ACS Catal., 2014, 4: 3643.
[16] Hu S W, Yang L W, Tian Y, Wei X L, Ding J W, Zhong J X, Chu P K. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2015, 163: 611.
[17] Jiang J, Zhu L, Zou J, Ouyang L, Zheng A, Tang H. Carbon, 2015, 87: 193.
[18] Li Y, Zhang H, Liu P, Wang D, Li Y, Zhao H. Small, 2013, 9: 3336.
[19] Chen X, Zhang J, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131: 11658.
[20] Dong G, Zhang L. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 1160.
[21] Sun J, Zhang J, Zhang M, Antonietti M, Fu X, Wang X. Nat. Commun., 2012, 3: 1139.
[22] Hong J, Xia X, Wang Y, Xu R. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 15006.
[23] Liu J, Liu Y, Liu N, Han Y, Zhang X, Huang H, Lifshitz Y, Lee S, Zhong J, Kang Z. Science, 2015, 347: 970.
[24] 楚增勇(Chu Z Y), 原博(Yuan B), 颜廷楠(Yan T N). 无机材料学报(Journal of Inorganic Materials), 2014, 29(8): 785.
[25] 李敏(Li M), 李海岩(Li H Y), 孙发民(Sun F M), 李洁(Li J), 张凌峰(Zhang L F), 袁忠勇(Yuan Z Y). 石油学报(石油加工)(Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)), 2014, 30(1): 158.
[26] 齐跃红(Qi Y H), 刘利(Liu L), 梁英华(Liang Y H), 胡金山(Hu J S),崔文权(Cui W Q). 化学进展(Progress in Chemistry), 2015, 27(1): 38.
[27] Sano T, Tsutsui S, Koike K, Hirakawa T, Teramoto Y, Negishi N, Takeuchi K. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1: 6489.
[28] Zhang J, Guo F, Wang X. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2013, 23: 3008.
[29] Lin Z, Wang X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 1735.
[30] Zhang M, Xu J, Zong R, Zhu Y. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 147: 229.
[31] Wang X, Maeda K, Chen X, Takanabe K, Domen K, Hou Y, Fu X, Antonietti M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131: 1680.
[32] Zhang J, Zhang M, Yang C, Wang X. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26: 4121.
[33] Zheng Y, Lin L, Ye X, Guo F, Wang X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53: 11926.
[34] Chen X, Jun Y, Takanabe K, Maeda K, Domen K, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. Chem. Mater., 2009, 21: 4093.
[35] Li X, Wang X, Antonietti M. Chem. Sci., 2012, 3: 2170.
[36] Li X, Zhang J, Chen X, Fischer A, Thomas A, Antonietti M, Wang X. Chem. Mater., 2011, 23: 4344.
[37] Zheng D, Huang C, Wang X. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 465.
[38] Jiang G, Zhou C, Xia X, Yang F, Tong D, Yu W, Liu S. Mater. Lett., 2010, 64: 2718.
[39] 鲍艳(Bao Y), 张永辉(Zhang Y H), 马建中(Ma J Z), 杨永强(Yang Y Q). 材料工程(Journal of Materials Engineering), 2015, 43(2): 103.
[40] Wang Y, Wang X, Antonietti M, Zhang Y. ChemSusChem, 2010, 3: 435.
[41] Yan H. Chem. Commun., 2012, 48: 3430.
[42] Kailasam K, Epping J D, Thomas A, Losse S, Junge H. Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4: 4668.
[43] Shi L, Liang L, Wang F, Liu M, Zhong S, Sun J. Catal. Commun., 2015, 59: 131.
[44] 张金水(Zhang J S), 王博(Wang B), 王心晨(Wang X C). 化学进展(Progress in Chemistry), 2014, 26(1): 19.
[45] Xu J, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Langmuir, 2013, 29: 10566.
[46] He F, Chen G, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Hao S. Chem. Commun., 2015, 51: 425.
[47] Cui Y, Ding Z, Fu X, Wang X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 51: 11814.
[48] Tahir M, Cao C, Mahmood N, Butt F, Mahmood A, Idrees F, Hussain S, Tanveer M, Ali Z, Aslam I. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 6: 1258.
[49] Bai X, Wang L, Zong R, Zhu Y. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117: 9952.
[50] Liu G, Niu P, Sun C, Smith S C, Chen Z, Lu G Q, Cheng H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132: 11642.
[51] Zhang J, Sun J, Maeda K, Domen K, Liu P, Antonietti M, Fu X, Wang X. Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4: 675.
[52] Ma X, Lu Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhu Y. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116: 23485.
[53] Stolbov S, Zuluaga S. J. Phys. Condens. Matter., 2013, 25: 85507.
[54] Zhang Y, Mori T, Ye J, Antonietti M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132: 6294.
[55] Yan S C, Li Z S, Zou Z G. Langmuir, 2010, 26: 3894.
[56] Li J, Shen B, Hong Z, Lin B, Gao B, Chen Y. Chem. Commun., 2012, 48: 12017.
[57] Wang Y, Di Y, Antonietti M, Li H, Chen X, Wang X. Chem. Mater., 2010, 22: 5119.
[58] Zhang G, Zhang M, Ye X, Qiu X, Lin S, Wang X. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26: 805.
[59] 阮林伟(Ruan L W), 裘灵光(Qiu L G), 朱玉俊(Zhu Y J), 卢运祥(Lu Y X). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2014, 30(1): 43.
[60] Dong G, Zhao K, Zhang L. Chem. Commun., 2012, 48: 6178.
[61] Pan H, Zhang Y, Shenoy V B, Gao H. ACS Catalysis, 2011, 1: 99.
[62] Gao H, Yan S, Wang J, Zou Z. Dalton Trans., 2014, 43: 8178.
[63] Wang X, Chen X, Thomas A, Fu X, Antonietti M. Adv. Mater., 2009, 21: 1609.
[64] Ding Z, Chen X, Antonietti M, Wang X. ChemSusChem, 2011, 4: 274.
[65] 金瑞瑞(Jin R R), 游继光(You J G), 张倩(Zhang Q), 刘丹(Liu D), 胡绍争(Hu S Z), 桂间舟(Gui J Z). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2014, 30(9): 1712.
[66] Yue B, Li Q, Wai H, Kako T, Ye J. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2011, 12: 34401.
[67] Hu S, Li F, Fan Z, Fan Z, Wang F, Zhao Y, Lv Z. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44: 1084.
[68] 张健(Zhang J), 王彦娟(Wang Y J), 胡绍争(Hu S Z). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2015, 31: 159.
[69] Wu M, Yan J M, Tang X N, Zhao M, Jiang Q. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7: 2654.
[70] Zhang G, Huang C, Wang X. Small, 2015, 11: 1215.
[71] Zhang J, Chen X, Takanbe K, Maeda K, Domen K, Epping J, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49: 441.
[72] Zhang J, Zhang M, Sun R, Wang X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2012, 124: 10292.
[73] 郑华荣(Zheng H R), 张金水(Zhang J S), 王心晨(Wang X C), 付贤智(Fu X Z). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2012, 28: 2336.
[74] Zhang G, Wang X. J. Catal., 2013, 307: 246.
[75] Zhang J, Zhang M, Lin S, Fu X, Wang X. J. Catal., 2014, 310: 24.
[76] Qin J, Wang S, Ren H, Hou Y, Wang X. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2015, 179: 1.
[77] Zhang M, Wang X. Energ. Environ. Sci., 2014, 7: 1902.
[78] Chen Z, Sun P, Fan B, Zhang Z, Fang X. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118: 7801.
[79] Li C, Wang S, Wang T, Wei Y, Zhang P, Gong J. Small, 2014, 10: 2782.
[80] Chen Y, Huang W, He D, Situ Y, Huang H. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6: 14405.
[81] Duan J, Chen S, Jaroniec M, Qiao S Z. ACS Nano, 2015, 9: 931.
[82] Xu L, Huang W, Wang L, Tian Z, Hu W, Ma Y, Wang X, Pan A, Huang G. Chem. Mater., 2015, 27: 1612.
[83] Zhang G, Lan Z, Wang X. ChemCatChem, 2015, 7: 1422.
[84] Xiang Q, Yu J. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2013, 4: 753.
[85] Xiang Q, Yu J, Jaroniec M. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115: 7355.
[86] Xiang Q, Yu J, Jaroniec M. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41: 782.
[87] 张平(Zhang P), 莫尊理(Mo Z L), 张春(Zhang C), 韩立娟(Han L J), 李政(Li Z). 材料工程(Journal of Materials Engineering), 2015, 43(3): 72.
[88] Ong W, Tan L, Chai S, Yong S. Chem. Commun., 2015, 51: 858.
[89] Ge L, Han C. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2012, 117: 268.
[90] Zhang J, Zhang M, Lin L, Wang X. Angew. Chem., 2015, 127: 6395.
[91] Chen Y, Li J, Hong Z, Shen B, Lin B, Gao B. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16: 8106.
[92] Bai X, Wang L, Wang Y, Yao W, Zhu Y. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 152: 262.
[93] Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin J, Zhang J, Lin Z, Huang F, Yu J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5: 10317.
[94] 孙冠华(Sun G H), 仇实(Qiu S), 郑经堂(Zheng J T). 材料工程(Journal of Materials Engineering), 2014, (4): 89.
[95] Wang S, Wang X. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2015, 162: 494.
[96] Yin L, Yuan Y, Cao S, Zhang Z, Xue C. RSC Adv., 2014, 4: 6127.
[97] Hou Y, Laursen A B, Zhang J, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Wang X, Dahl S, Chorkendorff I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52: 3621.
[98] Zhao H, Dong Y, Jiang P, Miao H, Wang G, Zhang J. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3: 7375.
[99] Hong J D, Wang Y S, Wang Y B, Zhang W, Xu R. ChemSusChem, 2013, 6: 263.
[100] Jiang D, Chen L, Xie J, Chen M. Dalton Trans., 2014, 43: 4878.
[101] Ye L, Liu J, Jiang Z, Peng T, Zan L. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2013, 142: 1.
[102] Sun Y, Zhang W, Xiong T, Zhao Z, Dong F, Wang R, Ho W. J. Colloid Interf. Sci, 2014, 418: 317.
[103] Jiang D, Chen L, Zhu J, Chen M, Shi W, Xie J. Dalton Trans., 2013, 42: 15726.
[104] Lei L, Jin H, Zhang Q, Xu J, Gao D, Fu Z. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44: 795.
[105] Fan Y, Ma W, Han D, Gan S, Dong X, Niu L. Adv. Meter., 2015, 27: 3767.
[106] Shi H, Li G, Sun H, An T, Zhao H, Wong P. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 158: 301.
[107] Lan Y, Qian X, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Chen X, Li Z. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2013, 395: 75.
[108] Liu L, Qi Y, Yang J, Cui W, Li X, Zhang Z. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.212.
[109] Xu H, Yan J, Xu Y, Song Y, Li H, Xia J, Huang C, Wan H. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2013, 129: 182.
[110] Di Y, Wang X, Thomas A, Antonietti M. ChemCatChem, 2010, 2: 834.
[111] Kamat P V. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012, 3: 663.
[112] Lee K, Hahn R, Alomarf M, Seli E, Schmuki P. Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 6133.
[113] Mubeen S, Lee J, Singh N, Kramer S, Stucky G D, Moskovits M. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2013, 8(4): 247.
[114] Cheng N, Tian J, Liu Q, Ge C, Qusti A H, Asiri A, Al-Youbi A O, Sun X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5: 6815.
[115] Bai X, Zong R, Li C, Liu D, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 147: 82.
[116] Shiraishi Y, Kofuji Y, Kanazawa S, Sakamoto H, Ichikawa S, Tanaka S, Hirai T. Chem. Commun., 2014, 50: 15255.
[117] Gu L, Wang J, Zou Z, Han X. J. Hazard. Mater., 2014, 268: 216.
[118] Leong K H, Monash P, Ibrahim S, Saravanan P. Sol. Energy, 2014, 101: 321.
[119] Zhao S, Chen S, Yu H, Quan X. Sep.Purif. Technol., 2012, 99: 50.
[120] Zhou X, Jin B, Li L, Peng F, Wang H, Yu H, Fang Y. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 17900.
[121] Yu J, Wang S, Low J, Xiao W. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15: 16883.
[122] Zhou J, Zhang M, Zhu Y. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17: 3647.
[123] Li Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He D, An Q, Cao G. J. Hazard. Mater., 2015, 292: 79.
[124] Zang Y, Li L, Zuo Y, Lin H, Li G, Guan X. RSC Adv., 2013, 3: 13646.
[125] Huag L, Xu H, Li Y, Li H, Cheng X, Xia J, Xu Y, Cai G. Dalton Trans., 2013, 42: 8606.
[126] Aslam I, Cao C, Tanveer M, Khan W, Tahir M, Abid M, Idrees F, Butt F, Ali Z, Mahmood N. New J. Chem., 2014, 38: 5462.
[127] Chen J, Shen S, Guo P, Wang M, Wu P, Wang X, Guo L. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2014, 152: 335.
[128] Li F, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Hao Y, Liu R, Zhao D. J. Hazard. Mater., 2015, 283: 371.
[129] Kumar S, T S, Kuamr B, Baruah A, Shanker V. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117: 26135.
[130] Pan C, Xu J, Wang Y, Li D, Zhu Y. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2012, 22: 1518.
[131] Kumar S, Suremdar T, Baruah A, Shanker V. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1: 5333.
[132] Zhang S, Yang Y, Guo Y, Guo W, Wang M, Guo Y, Huo M. J. Hazard. Mater., 2013, 261: 235.
[133] He Y, Cai J, Li T, Wu Y, Lin H, Zhao L, Luo M. Chem. Eng. J., 2013, 215: 721.
[134] Wang S, Ding Z, Wang X. Chem. Commun., 2015, 8: 1517.
[135] Wang S, Hou Y, Wang X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7: 4327.
[136] Ge L, Han C, Liu J. Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 2011, 108: 100.
[137] Wang Y, Bai X, Pan C, He J, Zhu Y. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 11568.
[138] 桂明生(Gui M S), 王鹏飞(Wang P F), 袁东(Yuan D), 杨易坤(Yang Y K). 无机化学学报(Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry), 2013, 29(10): 2057.
[139] Li M, Zhang L, Fan X, Zhou Y, Wu M, Shi J. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3: 5189.
[140] Zhang S, Li J, Zeng M, Zhao G, Xu J, Hu W, Wang X. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2013, 5: 12735.
[141] 孙爱武(Sun A W), 陈欢(Chen H), 宋春艳(Song C Y), 江芳(Jiang F), 汪信(Wang X). 环境化学(Environmental Chemistry), 2013, 32: 748.
[142] Modisha P, Nyokong T. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2014, 381: 132.
[143] Zhu T, Song Y, Ji H, Xu Y, Song Y, Xia J, Yin S, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang Q, Li H. Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 271: 96.
[144] Xing Z, Chen Z, Zong X, Wang L. Chem. Commun., 2014, 50: 6762.
[145] He F, Chen G, Yu Y, Hao S, Zhou Y, Zheng Y. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6: 7171.
[146] He F, Chen G, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Hao S. Chem. Commun., 2015, 51: 6824.
[147] 李宪华(Li X H), 张雷刚(Zhang L G), 王雪雪(Wang X X),于清波(Yu Q B). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2015, 31(4): 764.
[148] Cao J, Zhao Y, Lin H, Xu B, Chen S. Mater. Res. Bull., 2013, 48: 3873.
[149] 刘建新(Liu J X), 王韵芳(Wang Y F), 王雅文(Wang Y W),樊彩梅(Fan C M). 物理化学学报(Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica), 2014, 30(4): 729.
[150] Zhang Y, Mao F, Yan H, Liu K, Cao H, Wu J, Xiao D. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3: 109.
[151] Dai K, Lu L, Liang C, Zhu Q, Liu Q, Geng L, He J. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44: 7903.
[152] Zhang G, Zang S, Wang X. ACS Catal., 2015, 5: 941.
[153] Yu J, Wang S, Cheng B, Lin Z, Huang F. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, 3: 1782.
[154] Li Y, Fang L, Jin R, Yang Y, Fang X, Xing Y, Song S. Nanoscale, 2015, 7: 758