亚稳态分子间复合物Al/Bi2O3及其应用

王亚军, 江自生, 冯长根

doi:10.7536/PC150812

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2/3) :391-400 DOI: 10.7536/PC150812

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亚稳态分子间复合物Al/Bi₂O₃及其应用

王亚军, 江自生, 冯长根

作者信息 +

Metastable Intermolecular Composite Al/Bi₂O₃ and Its Applications

Wang Yajun, Jiang Zisheng, Feng Changgen

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摘要

具有输出压力较高、燃烧效率高、能量释放速率快、安全环保等特点的亚稳态分子间复合物(MIC)Al/Bi₂O₃,在新型火工药剂、炸药和推进剂等含能材料研究领域具有良好的应用前景。本文系统概括了亚稳态分子间复合物Al/Bi₂O₃的反应机理模型、制备方法及其应用。首先介绍并比较了MIC的几种反应机理及模型,详述了目前能够较合理地解释和计算Al/Bi₂O₃输出压力的CJ爆轰模型和热平衡模型。然后综述了纳米Bi₂O₃及Al/Bi₂O₃的制备方法,通过改变制备方法可以获得不同形貌、结构和燃烧性能的纳米Al/Bi₂O₃。同时,分析了反应物粒径和添加物对纳米Al/Bi₂O₃燃烧性能的影响。此外,简要介绍了纳米Al/Bi₂O₃的应用研究进展。最后,对亚稳态分子间复合物Al/Bi₂O₃的研究现状进行了总结,并展望了未来可能的发展前景和方向。

Abstract

Metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) Al/Bi₂O₃ has good features of high combustion efficiency, fast energy releasing rate, high pressure pulse, good safety performance and being environment-friendly. It shows good application prospects in pyrotechnics, explosives and propellants, etc. In this review, reaction mechanisms and models, preparation and applications of the metastable intermolecular composite Al/Bi₂O₃ are summarized. First, various theories and models which were used to explain the reaction mechanism of thermites are introduced and compared. The models of the CJ(Chapman-Jouguet) detonation and thermal equilibrium which could interpret and simulate output pressure of Al/Bi₂O₃ reasonably are discussed in detail. Second, the preparing methods of Bi₂O₃ and Al/Bi₂O₃ are summarized. By using different preparing processes, the morphologies, microstructures and combustion performances of composites could be regulated. Meanwhile, the effects of reactants particle size and various additives in preparing Al/Bi₂O₃ on its combustion performances are analyzed. Furthermore, a brief introduction of the application research is also presented. Finally, we proposed prospects about the metastable intermolecular composite Al/Bi₂O₃.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Thermite reaction mechanism
2.1 Ignition mechanism
2.2 Pressure generation model
3 Preparation methods
3.1 Preparation of nano Bi₂O₃
3.2 Preparation of nano Al/Bi₂O₃
4 Performance tuning of Al/Bi₂O₃
4.1 Particle size of material
4.2 Additive
5 Applications of Al/Bi₂O₃
5.1 Initiating explosives
5.2 Miniature initiating explosive devices
5.3 Propellants
6 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

亚稳态分子间复合物 / 铝热剂 / 含能材料 / 氧化铋 / 燃烧性能

Key words

metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) / thermite / energetic materials / bismuth oxide / combustion performance

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王亚军, 江自生, 冯长根. 亚稳态分子间复合物Al/Bi₂O₃及其应用[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(2/3): 391-400 DOI:10.7536/PC150812

Wang Yajun, Jiang Zisheng, Feng Changgen. Metastable Intermolecular Composite Al/Bi₂O₃ and Its Applications[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(2/3): 391-400 DOI:10.7536/PC150812

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