内电场与光催化性能调控

张玲; 苏扬; 王文中

doi:10.7536/PC150927

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) :415-427 DOI: 10.7536/PC150927

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内电场与光催化性能调控

张玲, 苏扬, 王文中*

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Internal Electric Fields within the Photocatalysts

Zhang Ling, Su Yang, Wang Wenzhong*

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摘要

光生载流子的高效分离是提升光催化反应效率的重要步骤.近年来,内电场作为提高载流子分离效率的内在驱动力而成为光催化材料研究领域的热点之一.本文综述了国内外通过内电场调控光催化性能的研究动态和主要成果.内电场不仅是电子和空穴分离的内在驱动力,而且影响半导体材料费米能级的变化及载流子浓度分布,进而调控了光催化材料导带和价带的弯曲程度及载流子迁移路径.光催化材料内电场的产生机制主要有铁电材料极化、p-n异质结/多晶结、极化表面、晶面间及非线性光学材料内电场等方式,这些方式有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,降低电子和空穴复合的几率,从而进一步提高其光催化性能.最后,本文对构建内电场的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并强调了利用先进物理技术并结合理论计算方法来表征内电场的分布及作用的重要性.

Abstract

Separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is a key step to enhance the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts. Internal electric filed,as a potential driving force to separation of the carriers,has become one of the research hotspots in photocatalytic field recently.In this paper, the literatures about the enhancement of photocatalytic performance based on the internal electric field are reviewed. To align their potentials (E_f), charge transfer occurs between two different component semiconductor materials. This charge redistribution region is known as the space charge region. After the charge transfer, the accumulation of electrons on the semiconductor surface leads to upward band bending. The internal electric field can be formed due to the redistribution of charges, which may in turn facilitate the separation of electrons and holes for reactions. The upward or downward bending can drive the holes/electrons to run up for an oxidation reaction/a reduction reaction, respectively. Internal electric fields within photocatalysts can arise from ferroelectric phenomena, p-n/polymorph junctions,polar surface terminations,and nonlinear optical material. The internal electric fields within photocatalysts mitigate the effects of recombination and back-reaction, then to increase photochemical reactivity. The strategies for manipulation of internal fields are also discussed for the design of efficient photocatalysts. Finally,we highlight some crucial issues in engineering internal electric fields and provide tentative suggestions for future research on increasing their photocatalytic performance. Especially, the importance of using advanced physical technology and theoretical calculation method to characterize the distribution of internal electric field is emphasized.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Internal electric fields in ferroelectrics
2.1 Internal electric fields in ferroelectrics and photocatalysis reactions
2.2 Factors impacted on the internal electric fields in ferroelectrics
2.3 The application of organic-inorganic perovskite structures in photocatalysts
3 Internal electric fields from p-n junction
3.1 Polaring process within p-n junction
3.2 Photocatalysts with p-n junction
3.3 Factors impacted on p-n junction
4 Internal electric fields from polymorph junctions
5 Polar surface terminations
5.1 Polar surface, internal electric fields and photocatalysis
5.2 Internal electric fields between crystal faces
6 Internal electric fields within noncentronsymmetric compounds
6.1 Nonlinear optical photocatalysts
6.2 Polaring in the photocatalysts with sillenite structure
7 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

内电场 / 光催化 / 载流子分离 / 能带弯曲

Key words

internal electric field / photocatalysis / separation of carriers / band bending

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张玲, 苏扬, 王文中. 内电场与光催化性能调控[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(4): 415-427 DOI:10.7536/PC150927

Zhang Ling, Su Yang, Wang Wenzhong. Internal Electric Fields within the Photocatalysts[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(4): 415-427 DOI:10.7536/PC150927

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