石墨相氮化碳的改性及在环境净化中的应用

崔言娟; 王愉雄; 王浩; 陈芳艳

doi:10.7536/PC151025

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4) :428-437 DOI: 10.7536/PC151025

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石墨相氮化碳的改性及在环境净化中的应用

崔言娟*, 王愉雄, 王浩, 陈芳艳

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Graphitic Carbon Nitrides: Modifications and Applications in Environmental Purification

Cui Yanjuan*, Wang Yuxiong, Wang Hao, Chen Fangyan

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摘要

利用半导体光催化剂技术可以将环境污染物进行分解、转化和矿化,是解决环境污染问题的一条有效途径.聚合物半导体石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)具有独特的电子结构和化学性质,是一种新型的非金属功能性材料,在利用太阳能转化清洁能源和化学合成领域受到广泛关注.近几年,g-C₃N₄的开发使得利用半导体光催化技术进行环境净化的研究取得了进一步发展.本文围绕g-C₃N₄作为催化材料在环境净化中的应用,包括对水体有机污染物、细菌、大气污染物、重金属离子、CO₂等的分解转化等,综述国内外近年来的一些重要研究进展.并以在降解有机污染物中的应用为例对g-C₃N₄性能优化的各种改性措施进行了总结.最后,本文对g-C₃N₄在光催化环境净化反应过程的反应机理进行总结,并对未来发展趋势进行展望.

Abstract

Semiconductor photocatalytic technology can be used for decomposition, conservation and mineralization of environmental pollutants, so it is a long-term effective approach to purify environmental pollution. Polymer semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), a new-type metal-free functional material, possesses distinct electronic structure and chemical property, and has attracted a wide spread attention in clean energy conversation and chemical synthesis using solar power. In recent years, the development of g-C₃N₄ makes further progress of environmental purification research using semiconductor photocatalytic technology. In this review, some important advances using g-C₃N₄ as novel photocatalysts for environmental pollutants treatment have been reviewed, including degradation of aqueous organic pollutant, inactivation of bacteria, removal of atmospheric contaminant, detoxication of heavy metal ion, and reduction or conversation of CO₂. High efficiency and stability can be maintained during photocatalytic reaction process. For further improve the catalytic efficiency of g-C₃N₄, many works for structure optimization have been researched. Taking the utilization in degradation of organic pollutant as examples, the modifications of g-C₃N₄ for photocatalytic performance optimization are summarized, including structure optimization, surface and doping modification, composite semiconductor. The photocatalytic reaction mechanisms of g-C₃N₄for pollutants degradation and CO₂ reduction are elucidated. In addition, the prospects for the development of g-C₃N₄ based semiconductor materials and application in environment pollutants treatment are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Modification of g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts
2.1 Structure optimization
2.2 Surface modification
2.3 Doping modification
2.4 Composite semiconductor
3 Application of g-C₃N₄ in envrionmental purification
3.1 Degradation of aqueous organic pollutants
3.2 Reduction of heavy metal ions
3.3 Inactivation of bacterial
3.4 Removal of atmospheric pollutants
3.5 Reduction and conservation of CO₂
4 Mechanism study of g-C₃N₄ in degradation of environmental pollutants
5 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

光催化 / 石墨相氮化碳 / 污染物 / 降解

Key words

photocatalytisis / graphitic carbon nitride / pollutant / degradation

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崔言娟, 王愉雄, 王浩, 陈芳艳. 石墨相氮化碳的改性及在环境净化中的应用[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(4): 428-437 DOI:10.7536/PC151025

Cui Yanjuan, Wang Yuxiong, Wang Hao, Chen Fangyan. Graphitic Carbon Nitrides: Modifications and Applications in Environmental Purification[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(4): 428-437 DOI:10.7536/PC151025

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