季铵盐类化合物环境问题研究进展

向垒; 孙腾飞; 莫测辉; 李彦文; 蔡全英; 李慧

doi:10.7536/PC151129

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5) :727-736 DOI: 10.7536/PC151129

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季铵盐类化合物环境问题研究进展

向垒, 孙腾飞, 莫测辉*, 李彦文, 蔡全英, 李慧

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Related Environmental Problems and Research Progresses of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)

Xiang Lei, Sun Teng-Fei, Mo Ce-Hui*, Li Yan-Wen, Cai Quan-Ying, Li Hui

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摘要

季铵盐类化合物(quaternary ammonium compounds, QACs)是一类广泛使用的阳离子表面活性剂,在环境介质(水、沉积物、污泥等)中普遍存在,尤其在污泥/沉积物中其浓度可达数百甚至上千mg/kg水平。QACs具有高表面活性和中/高毒性,低浓度下即对鱼类、藻类、细菌和无脊椎动物等产生毒害作用,并显著影响与其共存污染物的迁移性和生物有效性,其环境问题已经引起发达国家广泛关注,但在我国研究尚未成熟。因此,本文综述了QACs在环境介质中的来源、分析方法、污染现状、环境行为及毒性效应,并讨论了目前研究存在的问题,以期为我国开展QACs环境问题的研究提供参考。

Abstract

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) used as cationic surfactants have been ubiquitously detected in water, sediment, sludge, etc. QACs residue can be examined highly at several hundreds or even thousands of mg/kg (dry weight, dw) in sludge particularly. Because of their high surface activity and moderate-high toxicity, QACs can cause toxic effects on fish, aglae, bacteria, daphnids, etc. at relatively low concentrations. Furthermore, QACs significantly influence the bioavailability and mobility of the other coexisting pollutants in environment. The environmental problems of QACs have attracted a great attention in devoloped countries, however, little literature is available in China. Therefore, this paper reviews the pollution source, analytical methods, pollution status, fates and toxic effects of QACs in environment. The currently existing problems and trends are also discussed. We hope that this review will provide valuable reference for the enviromental researches on QACs in China.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Sources of QACs in environment
3 Analytical methods
3.1 Sample extraction and purification
3.2 Sample analysis
4 Pollution status and fates of QACs in environment
4.1 QACs in water
4.2 QACs in sewage sludge and sediment
4.3 QACs in soil and agricultural crops
4.4 Fates of QACs in environment
5 Toxicity of QACs
6 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

季铵盐类化合物 / 环境问题 / 分析方法 / 毒性效应

Key words

quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) / environmental problems / analytical methods / toxic effects

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向垒, 孙腾飞, 莫测辉, 李彦文, 蔡全英, 李慧. 季铵盐类化合物环境问题研究进展[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(5): 727-736 DOI:10.7536/PC151129

Xiang Lei, Sun Teng-Fei, Mo Ce-Hui, Li Yan-Wen, Cai Quan-Ying, Li Hui. Related Environmental Problems and Research Progresses of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(5): 727-736 DOI:10.7536/PC151129

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