上转换荧光纳米材料的水溶性修饰

王亚立, 李贞, 刘志洪

doi:10.7536/PC151207

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5) :617-627 DOI: 10.7536/PC151207

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上转换荧光纳米材料的水溶性修饰

王亚立, 李贞, 刘志洪

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Water Solubilization of Upconversion Nanoparticles

Wang Yali, Li Zhen, Liu Zhihong

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摘要

近红外激发/可见或近红外发射的上转换荧光纳米材料在近十年得到了迅速的发展,其在生物领域如生物检测、荧光成像、光动力治疗和药物运输等方面有着广泛的应用。目前利用油酸、油胺等作为表面活性剂,采用高温热分解法、高温共沉淀法、溶剂热法等都能合成粒径均一、发光较强、在环己烷等非极性溶剂中分散性很好的上转换荧光纳米颗粒,但此类方法合成的纳米粒子表面包覆了一层憎水的油酸或油胺分子,需要进行表面修饰,使其在水相分散后才能进行后续的生物应用。现阶段憎水相转亲水相的修饰方法主要有配体交换、配体氧化、两亲配体包覆、二氧化硅包覆等,本文将对这些表面修饰的方法逐一进行介绍并对比其优缺点。

Abstract

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been widely employed in biosensing, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy and drug delivery in the past ten years. Presently, upconversion nanoparticles are obtained via thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, and solvothermal methods with oleylamine or oleic acid as surfactants always have low size dispersity, strong luminescence and disperse well in nonpolar solvents like cyclohexane. However, these kinds of nanoparticles are normally covered by a layer of oleic acid or oleylamine molecules, and hence are not suitable for directly using in biological environments. The subsequent surface modification which can turn hydrophobic nanoparticles into hydrophilic ones is therefore required. These methods include ligand exchange, ligand oxidation, amphiphilic polymer coating, silica coating, and ligand removal and so on. This account throws a critical look at the methods for surface modification and functionalization that lead to UCNPs for use in aqueous media and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Surface modification
2.1 Ligand oxidation
2.2 Ligand exchange
2.3 Amphiphilic ligand coating
2.4 Ligand removal
2.5 Layer-by-layer assembly
2.6 Silica coating and silanization
3 Bioconjugation
3.1 Covalent conjugation
3.2 Electrostatic attraction
3.3 Van der Waals Bonding
3.4 Direct attachment of biomolecule to NP surface
4 Conclusion and outlook

关键词

上转换 / 纳米材料 / 憎水 / 亲水 / 配体 / 表面修饰

Key words

upconversion / nanoparticle / hydrophobic / hydrophilic / ligand / surface modification

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王亚立, 李贞, 刘志洪. 上转换荧光纳米材料的水溶性修饰[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(5): 617-627 DOI:10.7536/PC151207

Wang Yali, Li Zhen, Liu Zhihong. Water Solubilization of Upconversion Nanoparticles[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(5): 617-627 DOI:10.7536/PC151207

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Received	Published	Revised
2015-12-01	2016-05-15	2016-01-01
Online Date
2016-03-25

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Key words

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