含有氟代溶剂或含氟添加剂的锂离子电解液

马国强; 王莉; 张建君; 陈慧闯; 何向明; 丁元胜

doi:10.7536/PC151212

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9) :1299-1312 DOI: 10.7536/PC151212

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含有氟代溶剂或含氟添加剂的锂离子电解液

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^1*

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Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Containing Fluorinated Solvent and Additive

Ma Guoqiang^1,2, Wang Li¹, Zhang Janjun², Chen Huichuang², He Xiangming^1*, Ding Yuansheng²

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摘要

随着大型移动设备（如新能源汽车等）、储能电站及其他便携式充电设备的日益普及，锂离子电池正逐步占领化学电源市场的主导地位。电解液是锂离子电池的重要组成部分，对电池的许多性能如输出电压、能量密度、输出功率、寿命、温度适用范围和安全性能等具有重要的影响。氟具有很强的电负性和弱极性，氟代溶剂或含氟添加剂具有低熔点、高闪点和高氧化分解电压等优点。氟代溶剂与电极材料之间的润湿性也较好，在高电压电解液、高安全性电解液、宽温度窗口电解液以及其他特殊功能电解液的开发中具有深入的研究和广泛的应用。本文综述了近年来氟代溶剂或添加剂在锂离子电池电解液中的不同应用，分析阐述了其对电池性能提升的机理，总结了以氟代碳酸乙烯酯（FEC）为代表的氟代溶剂的合成方法，最后对用于锂离子电池电解液的氟代溶剂或含氟添加剂的研发方向和发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract

With the development of large mobile equipments (such as electric vehicles), energy storage power stations and the other portable charging devices, lithium-ion battery is gradually occupying the dominant position of the chemical power market. Electrolyte is one of the most important components of lithium-ion battery, having a significant impact on many properties of lithium-ion battery, such as the output voltage, energy density, power density, longevity, temperature range, safety performance and so on. In general, owing to the very high electronegativity and low polarizability of fluorine, fluorinated organic solvent shows very different physical properties compared to the common organic solvent. Specifically, fluorinated solvent has a low melting point, high flash point, high oxidation decomposition voltage, and good wettability with the electrode material. Therefore, fluorinated solvent has a potential application in the research and development for high voltage electrolyte, high security electrolyte, wide temperature window liquid electrolyte, and the other special functional electrolyte. Here, the recent research and applications on fluorinated solvents and additives in lithium-ion battery electrolyte are reviewed. The mechanisms for the enhancement performance of lithium-ion battery electrolyte with the use of fluorinated solvents and additives are also analyzed and discussed in detail. Simultaneously, the fabrication methods of fluorinated solvents such as fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) are summarized. Finally, the research prospects and problems for fluorinated solvents and additives in lithium-ion battery electrolyte are also discussed in detail.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 High-voltage electrolyte
2.1 The solvent of high-voltage electrolyte
2.2 The additive of high-voltage electrolyte
3 High security electrolyte
3.1 The nonflammable electrolyte containing flrorinated solvent
3.2 Fluorinated flame retardant additives
4 High and low temperature electrolyte
4.1 High temperature electrolyte
4.2 Low temperature electrolyte
5 The other functional electrolytes
5.1 Fluorinated solvent and additive with special function
5.2 The application of fluorinated solvent and additive in new type battery

关键词

锂离子电池 / 电解液 / 氟化工 / 添加剂

Key words

lithium-ion battery / electrolyte / fluorine chemical / additive

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马国强, 王莉, 张建君, 陈慧闯, 何向明, 丁元胜. 含有氟代溶剂或含氟添加剂的锂离子电解液[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(9): 1299-1312 DOI:10.7536/PC151212

Ma Guoqiang, Wang Li, Zhang Janjun, Chen Huichuang, He Xiangming, Ding Yuansheng. Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Containing Fluorinated Solvent and Additive[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(9): 1299-1312 DOI:10.7536/PC151212

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Received	Published	Revised
2015-12-01	2016-09-15	2016-06-01
Online Date
2016-08-16

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