锂硫电池系统研究与展望

邓南平; 马晓敏; 阮艳莉; 王晓清; 康卫民; 程博闻

doi:10.7536/PC160203

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9) :1435-1454 DOI: 10.7536/PC160203

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锂硫电池系统研究与展望

^1,2*

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Research and Prospect of Lithium-Sulfur Battery System

Deng Nanping¹, Ma Xiaomin¹, Ruan Yanli³, Wang Xiaoqing³, Kang Weimin^1,2*, Cheng Bowen^1,2*

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摘要

锂硫电池具有高的理论比容量（1675 mAh·g^-1）和能量密度（2600 Wh·kg^-1），是一种新型的高性能储能电池。本文全面介绍了锂硫电池最新的基础研究，详细阐述了电池的正极、黏合剂、电解质、隔膜、负极和一些最新的锂硫电池组装与结构设计。硫可以和其他材料以不同方式复合后作为正极来提高电池的导电性以及抑制其电池充放电过程中的“穿梭效应”，以此来改善电池性能；在黏合剂和电解质研究方面，可以选择一些与电极配套和功能性的黏合剂以及不同类型的电解质；同样，在隔膜方面也涉及到隔膜类型的选择、复合与改性处理；在负极方面，对于锂片负极可采用涂覆保护薄膜或膜预锂化处理等方法来改善电池的稳定性和安全性；在一些新颖的电池组合方面，过渡层、新型集流体的运用以及电池结构的新设计也极大提高了电池电化学性能。最后，本文分析了现有锂硫电池存在的缺陷和问题，并对未来可能的发展方向进行了预测。

Abstract

The lithium-sulfur batteries are rather latest and high-performance storage batteries due to their rather high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh ·g^-1) and energy density(2600 Wh ·kg^-1). This study provides the entire and latest fundamental studies in lithium-sulfur batteries. The cathodes, binders, separators, electrolytes, anodes, some novel cell configurations and structure design of battery are introduced in details. For improving the conductivity of cathode material and suppressing the "shuttle effect", elemental sulfur can be combined with other materials as the cathodes of batteries through various ways. These can enhance the batteries performances. In terms of binders and electrolyte, some appropriate and functional binders and electrolyte are chosen which are compatible with electrode material. At the same time, in terms of separators, researchers mainly pay attention to the type choice or the separators composition and modified treatment. With regard to anodes, several methods have been considered for improving the batteries stability and safety based on metallic lithium such as coating thin dense protective layers or pre-lithiation treatment. Some novel cell configurations such as the application of interlayer, new collectors and new type structures of lithium-sulfur batteries are also vital aspects to greatly improve cell performances. At last, the future research directions associated with lithium-sulfur batteries have also been indicated.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The principle and characterization of lithium-sulfur batteries
3 Cathode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries
3.1 Sulfur/carbon composites
3.2 Sulfur/conductive polymer composites
3.3 Sulfur/metal and its oxide composites
3.4 Sulfur/multiple sulfur-based compound
4 Binder of lithium-sulfur batteries
5 Electrolytes of lithium-sulfur batteries
5.1 Liquid electrolytes
5.2 Solid state electrolytes
5.3 Gel polymer electrolytes
5.4 Ionic liquid electrolytes
6 Separators of lithium-sulfur batteries
7 Anodes of lithium-sulfur batteries
8 Electrode structure design and modification of lithium-sulfur batteries
8.1 Interlayers and new type of collectors
8.2 New type structures of lithium-sulfur batteries
9 Summary and future directions

Graphical abstract

关键词

锂硫电池 / 正极 / 负极 / 电池其他组成 / 电池组合与结构设计

Key words

lithium sulfur batteries / cathodes / anode / other battery components / novel cell configurations and structure design

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邓南平, 马晓敏, 阮艳莉, 王晓清, 康卫民, 程博闻. 锂硫电池系统研究与展望[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(9): 1435-1454 DOI:10.7536/PC160203

Deng Nanping, Ma Xiaomin, Ruan Yanli, Wang Xiaoqing, Kang Weimin, Cheng Bowen. Research and Prospect of Lithium-Sulfur Battery System[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(9): 1435-1454 DOI:10.7536/PC160203

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