碳纳米多孔宏观体是指由碳纳米材料自组装形成的宏观多孔材料。该材料保持了碳纳米材料大的比表面积及化学、热稳定性,对水体中的污染物,如油污、染料分子及重金属离子等具有良好的吸附性能。此外,该类材料具有宏观结构及稳定的机械性能,方便操作,且易实现所吸附物的回收及吸附材料的再生。因此,碳纳米多孔宏观体成为碳纳米材料研究和应用的热点。本文梳理了碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备及其在水处理中的应用,包括碳纳米多孔宏观体的制备、污染物吸附及材料再生等。首先对碳纳米多孔宏观体用于水体净化的背景进行了介绍,之后,按照组成单元不同,将碳纳米多孔宏观体按照碳纳米管多孔宏观体,石墨烯多孔宏观体,碳纳米纤维多孔宏观体及碳纳米粒子多孔宏观体进行了分类。第三部分,详细介绍了制备碳纳米多孔宏观体的三种常见方法并分别讨论了各种方法的优缺点及所制备产物的性质。第四部分,按照不同污染物种类讲述了碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体净化中的应用。最后,针对碳纳米多孔宏观体在水体吸附应用中存在的问题进行了分析及展望。
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