多氟和全氟烷基化合物(PFASs)由于其独特的稳定性、疏水性和疏油性被广泛用于生产和生活中。PFASs的生产方式有两种:电化学氟化法(ECF)和调聚反应。由于持久性、毒性和生物富集性,ECF生产过程中产生的全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)及其盐和全氟辛基磺酰胺(POSF)于2009年被正式列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》的POPs名单,发达国家也开始逐渐停止用ECF方法生产PFASs。因此,调聚反应产生的PFASs前驱体氟调醇(FTOHs)的产量不断增加。研究表明,FTOHs经生物或非生物转化能够生成全氟烷基羧酸(PFCAs),可能是PFCAs污染的间接来源。此外,FTOHs的一些中间代谢产物能够与多种生物分子共价结合,引起严重的毒性效应,而代谢终产物又能引起肝毒性和肾毒性等。近年来,FTOHs的环境问题已成为环境科学、毒理学和流行病学领域的研究热点。本文综述了FTOHs的生产状况、环境污染水平和相关代谢产物的毒性。最后讨论了目前存在的问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望。
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