锂硫电池具有高的理论比容量和理论能量密度,被认为是当前最有前景的二次电池体系之一。现阶段锂硫电池的研究工作主要集中于高性能硫正极材料的设计与合成。具有优良的导电性、良好的结构稳定性和多孔结构的纳米碳材料,比如活性碳、介孔碳、超小微孔碳、多级结构多孔碳、空心碳球和空心碳纤维,充分满足了锂硫电池正极材料对碳基体的要求。本文综述了近年来多孔碳/硫复合材料作为硫正极的研究进展。总结了以具有不同结构特征的多孔碳基体负载硫组装的锂硫电池的电化学性能,并分析了不同多孔结构对性能的影响。最后在此基础上,从多孔碳/硫复合正极材料的设计和合成的角度,展望了其未来的发展趋势。
[1] He P,Zhang T,Jiang J,Zhou H.J.Phys.Chem.Lett.,2016,7:1267.
[2] Yao Y,Wu F.Nano Energy, 2015, 17:91.
[3] Xue H,Wu S,Tang J,Gong H,He P,He J,Zhou H.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2016,8:8427.
[4] Feng N,He P,Zhou H.Adv.Energy Mater.,2016,DOI:10.1002/aenm.201502303.
[5] Xue H,Zhao J,Tang J,Gong H,He P,Zhou H,Yamauchi Y,He J.Chem.-Eur.J.,2016,22:4915.
[6] Tong S,Zheng M,Lu Y,Lin Z,Li J,Zhang X,Shi Y,He P,Zhou H.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:16177.
[7] Suo L,Hu Y S,Li H,Armand M,Chen L.Nat.Commun.,2013,4:1481.
[8] Li N,Zheng M,Lu H,Hu Z,Shen C,Chang X,Ji G,Cao J,Shi Y.Chem.Commun.,2012,48:4106.
[9] 蔡克迪(Cai K D),赵雪(Zhao X),仝钰进(Tong Y J),肖尧(Xiao Y),高勇(Gao Y),王诚(Wang C).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2015,27(12):1722.
[10] Manthiram A,Fu Y,Chung S H,Zu C,Su Y S.Chem.Rev.,2014,114:11751.
[11] Song M K,Cairns E J,Zhang Y.Nanoscale,2013,5:2186.
[12] Chen S,Sun B,Xie X,Mondal A K,Huang X,Wang G.Nano Energy,2015,16:268.
[13] Zhou G,Li L,Ma C,Wang S,Shi Y,Koratkar N,Ren W,Li F,Cheng H M.Nano Energy,2015,11:356.
[14] Yu M,Li R,Tong Y,Li Y,Li C,Hong J D,Shi G.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:9609.
[15] Ding Y L,Kopold P,Hahn K,Aken P A,Maier J,Yu Y.Adv.Funct.Mater.,2015,DOI:10.1002/adfm.201504294.
[16] Zhou G,Pei S,Li L,Wang D W,Wang S,Huang K,Yin L C,Li F,Cheng H M.Adv.Mater.,2014,26:625.
[17] Miao L X,Wang W K,Wang A B,Yuan K G,Yang Y S.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1:11659.
[18] Li G C,Li G R,Ye S H,Gao X P.Adv.Energy Mater.,2012,2:1238.
[19] Meyer B.Chem.Rev.,1976,76:367.
[20] 苗力孝(Miao L X),王维坤(Wang W K),王梦佳(Wang M J),段博超(Duan B C),杨裕生(Yang Y S),王安邦(Wang A B).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2013,25(11):1867.
[21] Ye H,Yin Y X,Guo Y G.Electrochim.Acta,2015,185:62.
[22] Zhang S,Li N,Lu H,Zheng J,Zang R,Cao J.RSC Adv.,2015,5:50983.
[23] He G,Evers S,Liang X,Cuisinier M,Garsuch A,Nazar L F.ACS Nano,2013,7:10920.
[24] Zhang F F,Huang G,Wang X X,Qin Y L,Du X C,Yin D M,Liang F,Wang L M.Chem.-Eur.J.,2014,20:17523.
[25] Wang X,Zhang Z,Qu Y,Lai Y,Li J. J.Power Sources,2014,256:361.
[26] Qiu Y,Li W,Li G,Hou Y,Zhou L,Li H,Liu M,Ye F,Yang X,Zhang Y.Nano Res.,2014,7:1355.
[27] Zhang C,Lv W,Zhang W,Zheng X,Wu M B,Wei W,Tao Y,Li Z,Yang Q H.Adv.Energy Mater.,2014,4:DOI:10.1002/aenm.201301565.
[28] Li Z,Huang Y,Yuan L,Hao Z,Huang Y.Carbon,2015,92:41.
[29] Wang C,Chen H,Dong W,Ge J,Lu W,Wu X,Guo L,Chen L. Chem.Commun., 2014,50:1202.
[30] 王维坤(Wang W K),余仲宝(Yu Z B),苑克国(Yuan K G),王安邦(Wang A B),杨裕生(Yang Y S).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2011,23(2/3):540.
[31] Du W C,Yin Y X,Zeng X X,Shi J L,Zhang S F,Wan L J,Guo Y G.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2016,8:3584.
[32] Xiao Z,Yang Z,Wang L,Nie H,Zhong M,Lai Q,Xu X,Zhang L,Huang S. Adv.Mater.,2015,27:2891.
[33] Hu J J,Long G K,Liu S,Li G R,Gao X P. Chem.Commun.,2014,50:14647.
[34] Li N W,Yin Y X,Yang C P,Guo Y G. Adv.Mater.,2016,28:1853.
[35] Wang L,Wang Y,Xia Y.Energy Environ.Sci.,2015,8:1551.
[36] Li N,Weng Z,Wang Y,Li F,Cheng H M,Zhou H. Energy Environ.Sci.,2014,7:3307.
[37] Yang C P,Yin Y X,Ye H,Jiang K C,Zhang J,Guo Y G.ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2014,6:8789.
[38] Lyu Z,Xu D,Yang L,Che R,Feng R,Zhao J,Li Y,Wu Q,Wang X,Hu Z.Nano Energy,2015,12:657.
[39] Qiu Y,Li W,Zhao W,Li G,Hou Y,Liu M,Zhou L,Ye F,Li H,Wei Z,Yang S,Duan W,Ye Y,Guo J,Zhang Y.Nano Lett.,2014,14:4821.
[40] Zhu P,Song J,Lv D,Wang D,Jaye C,Fischer D A,Wu T,Chen Y.J.Phys.Chem.C,2014,118:7765.
[41] 赖超(Lai C),李国春(Li G C),叶世海(Ye S H),高学平(Gao X P).化学进展(Progress in Chemistry),2011,23(2/3):527.
[42] Chen Y,Lu S,Wu X,Liu J.J.Phys.Chem.C,2015,119:10288.
[43] Yu X,Zhao J,Lv R,Liang Q,Zhan C,Bai Y,Huang Z H,Shen W,Kang F.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:18400.
[44] Zhang F,Zhang X,Dong Y,Wang L.J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22:11452.
[45] Yu M,Wang A,Tian F,Song H,Wang Y,Li C,Hong J D,Shi G.Nanoscale,2015,7:5292.
[46] Li H,Yang X,Wang X,Liu M,Ye F,Wang J,Qiu Y,Li W,Zhang Y.Nano Energy,2015,12:468.
[47] Wang M,Wang W,Wang A,Yuan K,Miao L,Zhang X,Huang Y,Yu Z,Qiu J. Chem.Commun., 2013,49:10263.
[48] Miao L,Wang W,Yuan K,Yang Y,Wang A. Chem.Commun.,2014,50:13231.
[49] Zhang Z,Jing H K,Liu S,Li G R,Gao X P. J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:6827.
[50] Ji X,Lee K T,Nazar L F.Nat.Mater.,2009,8:500.
[51] Zhang S,Zheng M,Lin Z,Li N,Liu Y,Zhao B,Pang H,Cao J,He P,Shi Y.J.Mater.Chem.A,2014,2:15889.
[52] Werner J G,Johnson S S,Vijay V,Wiesner U.Chem.Mater.,2015,27:3349.
[53] Xin S,Gu L,Zhao N H,Yin Y X,Zhou L J,Guo Y G,Wan L J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2012,134:18510.
[54] Liang C,Dudney N J,Howe J Y.Chem.Mater.,2009,21:4724.
[55] Jayaprakash N,Shen J,Moganty S S,Corona A,Archer L A.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.,2011,123:6026.
[56] Chen S,Huang X,Liu H,Sun B,Yeoh W,Li K,Zhang J,Wang G.Adv.Energy Mater., 2014,4:1301761.
[57] Ji L,Rao M,Aloni S,Wang L,Cairns E J,Zhang Y.Energy Environ.Sci.,2011,4:5053.
[58] Niu S,Lv W,Zhou G,He Y,Li B,Yang Q H,Kang F. Chem.Commun.,2015,51:17720.
[59] Chen S,Huang X,Sun B,Zhang J,Liu H,Wang G.J.Mater.Chem.A, 2014,2:16199.
[60] Yin Y X,Xin S,Guo Y G,Wan L J.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2013,52:13186.
[61] Sevilla M,Mokaya R. Energy Environ.Sci.,2014,7:1250.
[62] Wang J,Kaskel S.J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22:23710.
[63] Karthikeyan K,Amaresh S,Lee S N,Sun X,Aravindan V,Lee Y G,Lee Y S.ChemSusChem,2014,7:1435.
[64] Zhu Y,Murali S,Stoller M D,Ganesh K J,Cai W,Ferreira P J,Pirkle A,Wallace R M,Cychosz K A,Thommes M,Su D,Stach E A,Ruoff R S.Science,2011,332:1537.
[65] Zhao S,Li C,Wang W,Zhang H,Gao M,Xiong X,Wang A,Yuan K,Huang Y,Wang F.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1:3334.
[66] Wei S,Zhang H,Huang Y,Wang W,Xia Y,Yu Z.Energy Environ.Sci.,2011,4:736.
[67] Ye H,Yin Y X,Xin S,Guo Y G.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1:6602.
[68] Ding B,Yuan C,Shen L,Xu G,Nie P,Lai Q,Zhang X.J.Mater.Chem.A,2013,1:1096.
[69] You Y,Zeng W,Yin Y X,Zhang J,Yang C P,Zhu Y,Guo Y G.J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:4799.
[70] He G,Ji X,Nazar L.Energy Environ.Sci.,2011,4:2878.
[71] Li X,Cao Y,Qi W,Saraf L V,Xiao J,Nie Z,Mietek J,Zhang J G,Schwenzer B,Liu J.J.Mater.Chem., 2011,21:16603.
[72] Park M S,Jeong B O,Kim T J,Kim S,Kim K J,Yu J S,Jung Y,Kim Y J.Carbon,2014,68:265.
[73] Zhang B,Qin X,Li G R,Gao X P.Energy Environ.Sci.,2010,3:1531.
[74] Li Z,Yuan L,Yi Z,Sun Y,Liu Y,Jiang Y,Shen Y,Xin Y,Zhang Z,Huang Y.Adv.Energy Mater.,2014,4:1301473.
[75] Xu Y,Wen Y,Zhu Y,Gaskell K,Cychosz K A,Eichhorn B,Xu K,Wang C.Adv.Funct.Mater.,2015,25:4312.
[76] Wang J,He Y S,Yang J.Adv.Mater.,2015,27:569.
[77] Strubel P,Thieme S,Biemelt T,Helmer A,Oschatz M,Brückner J,Althues H,Kaskel S.Adv.Funct.Mater.,2015,25:287.
[78] Jung D S,Hwang T H,Lee J H,Koo H Y,Shakoor R A,Kahraman R,Jo Y N,Park M S,Choi J W.Nano Lett.,2014,14:4418.
[79] Li Z,Jiang Y,Yuan L,Yi Z,Wu C,Liu Y,Strasser P,Huang Y. ACS Nano,2014,8:9295.
[80] Sun Q,He B,Zhang X Q,Lu A H.ACS Nano,2015,9:8504.
[81] Xu F,Tang Z,Huang S,Chen L,Liang Y,Mai W,Zhong H,Fu R,Wu D. Nat.Commun.,2015,6:7221.
[82] Zheng G,Yang Y,Cha J J,Hong S S,Cui Y.Nano Lett.,2011,11:4462.
[83] Moon S,Jung Y H,Jung W K,Jung D S,Choi J W,Kim D K.Adv.Mater.,2013,25:6547.