结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物:合成、结构与性能

张勇杰, 李化毅, 曲敏杰, 冯钠, 杨威, 张翀

doi:10.7536/PC160410

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11) :1634-1647 DOI: 10.7536/PC160410

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结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物:合成、结构与性能

张勇杰, 李化毅, 曲敏杰, 冯钠, 杨威, 张翀

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Well-Defined Polyolefin Graft Copolymers: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties

Zhang Yongjie, Li Huayi, Qu Minjie, Feng Na, Yang Wei, Zhang Chong

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摘要

实现聚烯烃功能化是制备高性能聚烯烃材料、拓展聚烯烃应用的重要手段，几十年来得到了学术界及工业界的广泛关注。聚烯烃接枝共聚物作为一类重要的功能化聚烯烃，包含聚烯烃链段（PE、PP等）及功能化聚合物链段（PS、PMMA、PEG等），因而在提高功能单元含量的同时能保持聚烯烃单元优异的结晶、加工性能。结构明确的聚烯烃接枝共聚物，具有结构参数可控、综合性能可调的特点，对于认识聚合物材料结构-性能关系、拓展聚烯烃应用范围具有重要的学术和实际意义。聚烯烃接枝共聚物的合成方法可以分为三种类型：“共聚接枝（graft-through）”、“引出接枝（graft-from）”、“偶联接枝（graft-onto）”。前两种合成方法往往涉及烯烃配位聚合与其他聚合方式的机理转化过程；其中，反应性聚合物中间体作为大分子引发剂、大分子RAFT试剂、大分子单体参与接枝反应，实现接枝共聚物的可控制备。第三种方法思路简单明确，即利用聚烯烃侧基反应性基团与其他聚合物反应性端基之间的高效偶联反应实现接枝共聚物制备。本文从合成、结构及性能三方面较为全面地综述了结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物的研究进展，着重讨论了新兴合成方法及相应接枝共聚物的潜在应用。

Abstract

Serving as an essential strategy to further expand polyolefin (PO) applications into high performance PO-based materials, functionalization of PO, including preparation of PO segmented graft copolymers, has drawn extensive attention for decades from both academia and industry. PO graft copolymers, containing both PO segments (PP, PE, etc.) and functional polymer segments (PS, PMMA, PEG, etc.), could well retain the excellent properties of PO (crystallinity, processablity) while achieving high functional group concentration. Well defined PO graft copolymers, those with controllable structural parameters (mainly graft density and graft length), are often highly desirable since well-defined structure not only renders tunable chemical and physical properties but also helps to better understand the structure-property relationships, which are crucial to exploring the applications of PO graft copolymers. Three general methods are employed to synthesize well defined PO graft copolymers, namely "graft-through", "graft-from", and "graft-onto". Among them, the further two approaches generally involve mechanism transformation between coordination polymerization and other polymerizations (anionic, radical), where reactive polymer "intermediates" are required, either as macrointiator or macroRAFT agent, or macromonomer. The third approach, which is easier to understand, simply links side-groups functionalized PO and end-groups functionalized polymers together via efficient coupling reactions to form graft architectures. From three aspects, i.e., syntheses, structures and properties, this review outlines the advances in well-defined polyolefin graft copolymers, especially highlighting newly developed synthetic methods (visible light-induced grafting, e.g.) and emerging applications (solid polymer electrolyte, e.g.) of graft copolymers derived thereof.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Graft-through method
2.1 Polyolefin as backbone
2.2 Polyolefin as graft chain
3 Graft-from method
3.1 Borane Approach
3.2 Tolyl Group
3.3 (hydrochlorinated) Vinylphenyl group
3.4 Hydroxyl
3.5 Inimer
3.6 Non-olefin-coordination-polymerization approach
4 Graft-onto method
5 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

聚烯烃接枝共聚物 / 功能化聚烯烃 / 反应性聚合物 / 结构-性能关系

Key words

polyolefin graft copolymer / functionalized polyolefin / reactive polymer / structure-property relationship

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张勇杰, 李化毅, 曲敏杰, 冯钠, 杨威, 张翀. 结构明确聚烯烃接枝共聚物:合成、结构与性能[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(11): 1634-1647 DOI:10.7536/PC160410

Zhang Yongjie, Li Huayi, Qu Minjie, Feng Na, Yang Wei, Zhang Chong. Well-Defined Polyolefin Graft Copolymers: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(11): 1634-1647 DOI:10.7536/PC160410

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