高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理

李恩泽, 杜志平, 王波, 成怀刚, 程芳琴

doi:10.7536/PC160413

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9) :1417-1425 DOI: 10.7536/PC160413

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高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理

李恩泽, 杜志平, 王波, 成怀刚, 程芳琴

作者信息 +

Flotation Mechanism of Soluble Salts with High Ionic Strength

Li Enze, Du Zhiping, Wang Bo, Cheng Huaigang, Cheng Fangqin

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摘要

基于表面化学性质，泡沫浮选已成为一种分离非均质固体混合物的有效手段，并被广泛应用于原矿分离及其他化学工业。在浮选过程中，捕收剂往往对矿物表面进行选择性吸附以调控矿物表面的亲疏水性。目前，大部分可溶盐的生产，尤其是钾盐工业生产，主要采用泡沫浮选的方法。尽管可溶盐实际浮选体系很复杂，但主要包含矿物晶体、捕收剂、气泡和高离子强度的饱和盐溶液四种组分。实际上，浮选能否完成是这四种组分相互作用的结果。因此，大量的可溶盐浮选机理研究工作都集中于浮选体系中各组分之间的相互作用。本文对高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理的主要研究成果进行了综述，重点介绍了可溶盐的溶液化学性质，捕收剂在饱和盐溶液中的胶体性质，捕收剂在矿物晶体表面的选择性吸附机制和吸附行为，矿物晶体/饱和盐溶液界面性质以及气泡在浮选过程中作用机理，并对高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理研究的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract

Froth flotation, based on chemical phenomena occurring at the interfaces including solid/water and air/water, becomes an efficient means of separating heterogeneous mixtures of finely subdivided solids with bubbles floating and is widely used within the primary mineral and chemical industries. In the process of froth flotation, collectors are always used to adjust the hydrophobicity of mineral surface through selective adsorption. Nowadays, most of soluble salts, especially potash, are produced through froth flotation. Although the flotation systems of soluble salts are complicated in the actual production, they are mainly comprised of salt crystal, collector, bubbles and saturated salt solution with high ionic strength. Actually, the soluble salt flotation is the results of the interaction among these four components. Thus, lots of researches about flotation mechanism of soluble salts focus on these interactions. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the flotation mechanism of soluble salts with high ionic strength. The solution chemistry of soluble salts, colloidal properties of collector in saturated salt solution, adsorption behaviors of collectors on surface of salt crystal, interfacial properties of salt crystal/saturated salt solution and the role of bubbles in the froth flotation are reviewed emphatically. Finally, the trend for future research on flotation mechanism of soluble salts is also prospected.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Solution chemistry of soluble salts
2.1 Structure of hydrated ions
2.2 Viscosity
3 Properties of collector in solution with high ionic strength
3.1 Krafft point
3.2 Surface activity and aggregation behaviors
4 Selective adsorption of collector
5 Interfacial properties of mineral crystal/saturated salt solution in high ionic strength environment
5.1 Surface charge of crystal surface
5.2 Wetting characteristics of crystal surface
6 The role of bubbles in flotation system with high ionic strength
7 Conclusion

Graphical abstract

关键词

高离子强度 / 浮选机理 / 可溶盐 / 捕收剂 / 气泡

Key words

high ionic strength / flotation mechanism / soluble salt / collector / bubble

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李恩泽, 杜志平, 王波, 成怀刚, 程芳琴. 高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(9): 1417-1425 DOI:10.7536/PC160413

Li Enze, Du Zhiping, Wang Bo, Cheng Huaigang, Cheng Fangqin. Flotation Mechanism of Soluble Salts with High Ionic Strength[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(9): 1417-1425 DOI:10.7536/PC160413

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