铝基材料水解制氢技术

doi:10.7536/PC160602

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12) :1870-1879 DOI: 10.7536/PC160602

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铝基材料水解制氢技术

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Hydrogen Generation by Al-Based Materials Hydrolysis

Zhao Chong, Xu Fen*, Sun Lixian*, Fan Minghui, Zou Yongjin, Chu Hailiang

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摘要

氢能作为一种高焓值的绿色能源在解决未来能源危机和环境污染中备受关注，而铝水反应在众多制氢途径中被认为是最具优势的方法之一。本文着重论述了近几年铝基材料水解制氢技术的研究进展。铝水制氢是一种很有发展前景的储存和运输氢能的方式，但Al表面致密的氧化层阻碍了铝水反应的进行，使其难以在常温常压情况下产生氢气。为充分开发利用氢能源，可采用添加碱、氢化物、金属氧化物、无机盐等方式，或将金属单质与Al通过烧结、熔炼、球磨等先进的技术手段进行复合，能够有效地活化Al，从而实现低环境温度、短诱导时间、快产氢速率、高转化率的铝水反应，为燃料电池电动汽车现场供氢。

Abstract

Hydrogen as a clean renewable and environmentally friendly energy source with high calorific value is considered to be of great importance to overcome present problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Aluminum-water reaction is proved to be one of the most dominant methods among numerous hydrogen generation ways. The paper focuses on the research progress of the technology of hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of aluminum based materials in recent years. Hydrogen generation in-situ by Al-water reaction is a promising hydrogen storage and transportation way. However, the dense oxide layer on the surface of Al particles hinders the reaction of aluminum with water, making it difficult to produce hydrogen at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure. In order to fully explore and utilize hydrogen energy, a variety of additives (such as alkali, metal hydride, metallic oxide, inorganic salt, metal and so on) are used for preparing aluminum-based materials. Generally, the preparation methods of the materials include sintering, smelting, ball-milling and other advance techniques. Research results have demonstrated that the above methods are able to effectively activate Al and achieve the aluminum-water reaction at low ambient temperature with short induction time, fast hydrogen production rate and high conversion rate. It may provide H₂ on board for fuel cells vehicles.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Methods of hydrogen generation from aluminum hydrolysis
2.1 Al hydrolysis under alkali condition
2.2 Al-metal hydride composite hydrolysis
2.3 Al-metallic oxide composite hydrolysis
2.4 Al-inorganic salt composite hydrolysis
2.5 Al-metal alloy hydrolysis
3 Conclusion and outlook

关键词

氢能 / 铝水制氢 / 球磨 / 熔炼 / 铝的活化

Key words

hydrogen energy / hydrogen generation by Al-water reaction / ball-milling / melting / activation of Al

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赵冲, 徐芬*, 孙立贤*, 范明慧, 邹勇进, 褚海亮. 铝基材料水解制氢技术[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(12): 1870-1879 DOI:10.7536/PC160602

Hydrogen Generation by Al-Based Materials Hydrolysis[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(12): 1870-1879 DOI:10.7536/PC160602

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Received	Published	Revised
2016-06-01	2016-12-25	2016-11-01
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2016-12-23

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