有机分子笼的合成及应用

喻娜; 丁慧敏; 汪成

doi:10.7536/PC160727

化学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12) :1721-1731 DOI: 10.7536/PC160727

综述与评论

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有机分子笼的合成及应用

^1,2*

作者信息 +

Synthesis and Application of Organic Molecular Cages

Yu Na¹, Ding Huimin¹, Wang Cheng^1,2*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

近年来，作为一类具有永久空腔结构的三维有机分子，有机分子笼引起了科研工作者的广泛关注，在超分子化学中（主要是主客体相互作用）扮演着重要角色。早期研究中通常采用不可逆法制备有机分子笼，往往存在反应步骤多、分离提纯复杂、合成难度大等问题。为了有效解决上述问题，研究人员将动态共价化学引入到有机分子笼的合成中，从而简单、高效地制备出一系列不同的有机分子笼。关于有机分子笼的应用研究也在不断拓展中。研究发现，有机分子笼不仅在分子识别、分子反应器等方面存在广阔的应用前景，而且其可以通过自组装形成多孔材料，在气体吸附、分离等领域展现了巨大的应用潜能。本文中，我们综述了有机分子笼在合成方法（主要基于动态共价化学反应）及应用研究方面的最新进展。

Abstract

As a kind of three-dimensional molecule with permanent cavity, organic molecular cages (OMCs) have gained intensive attention of the researchers in recent years, mainly due to their significant role in supramolecular chemistry as host molecules. Firstly, most of OMCs were synthesized via irreversible bond formation. However, the irreversible nature of these reactions usually caused serious problems, such as quite complex purification process and low overall yields. As an alternative approach, dynamic covalent chemistry has shown its power in the construction of OMCs from simple precursors with high yields. In recent years, by using various dynamic covalent reactions, a series of OMCs have been successfully synthesized in large scale, which facilitates their interesting applications. It is found that OMCs can not only show great potential applications in the fields of molecular recognition and molecular flask, but also form crystalline porous materials through self-assembly, which have shown interesting applications in gas absorption and separation. In this review, we will summarize the research progress of OMCs, highlight the synthesis of these OMCs by using various dynamic covalent reactions and also discuss their interesting applications in different areas. Perspectives of OMCs are also mentioned, regarding to their remaining challenging issues.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of organic molecular cages
2.1 Boronic acid condensation
2.2 Imine condensation reaction
2.3 Alkyne/alkene metathesis
2.4 Other dynamic covalent reactions
3 Applications of organic molecular cages
3.1 Molecular recognition
3.2 Molecular flask
3.3 Porous materials
4 Conclusion and outlook

Graphical abstract

关键词

有机分子笼 / 动态共价化学 / 分子识别 / 分子反应器 / 多孔材料

Key words

organic molecular cages / dynamic covalent chemistry / molecular recognition / molecular flask / porous materials

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喻娜, 丁慧敏, 汪成. 有机分子笼的合成及应用[J]. 化学进展, 2016, 28(12): 1721-1731 DOI:10.7536/PC160727

Yu Na, Ding Huimin, Wang Cheng. Synthesis and Application of Organic Molecular Cages[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2016, 28(12): 1721-1731 DOI:10.7536/PC160727

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