癌症是严重威胁人类健康和生命的重大疾病之一，目前化疗是临床癌症治疗的主要手段。但是由于癌症发病机制的复杂性和异质性，单一疗法通常无法有效地抑制癌症的发展和转移。因此，包含多种抗癌机制的联合疗法成为越来越重要的治疗策略。凭借其增强抗癌疗效和降低毒副作用的能力，联合递送药物和基因的纳米载体已经成为生物医药领域的研究热点。本文综述了联合递送药物和基因的智能抗癌控释载体的最新研究进展，分类介绍了这些联合递送载体的制备方法和作用机制，它们可在肿瘤微环境的刺激因素（如pH、谷胱甘肽和酶等）或者外源性刺激（如温度、超声等）作用下发生结构或构象的变化，从而实现了药物和基因的可控释放，产生协同治疗作用。此外，本文还对联合递送载体的发展前景作了展望。
Cancer is one of the major diseases seriously threating human health. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in clinical cancer treatment at present. However, due to the complexity of cancer pathogenesis mechanism and heterogeneity, single drug therapy usually can't afford to effectively suppress cancer progression and migration. Thus, combination therapy involving multiple anticancer mechanisms has been becoming an increasingly important therapeutic strategy in clinical practice. Cancer treatment with nanocarriers which allow for the co-delivery of both drug and gene has been the focus of recent active research in biomedicine field because of their ability to enhance anticancer efficacy and reduce adverse side effects. This article reviews the recent advances on smart drug and gene co-delivery carriers. Various co-delivery carriers are classified on the basis of material type, and the corresponding preparation methods and action mechanisms are introduced respectively in this review. These smart co-delivery carriers will undergo a structural or conformational change upon exposure to intrinsic stimulating factors of tumor microenvironment (e.g. pH, glutathione, enzyme) or exogenous stimuli (e.g. temperature, ultrasound), resulting in the controlled release of both drug and gene to generate synergistic therapeutic effects against cancer. In addition, some personal perspectives on this field are also presented.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Inorganic nanoparticle-based smart drug and gene co-delivery carriers
2.1 Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based co-delivery carriers
2.2 Other types of inorganic nanoparticle-based co-delivery carriers
3 Polymer-based smart drug and gene co-delivery carriers
3.1 Polymer composite-based co-delivery carriers
3.2 Polymeric micelle and vesicle-based co-delivery carriers
3.3 Nanogel-based co-delivery carriers
4 Liposome-based smart drug and gene co-delivery carriers
4.1 pH-responsive liposomes
4.2 Thermo-responsive liposomes
4.3 Other stimuli responsive liposomes
5 Conclusion
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