锰是一种储量丰富、分布广泛、价态丰富（0~+7）的过渡金属。三价锰（Mn（Ⅲ））作为一种中间价态锰，易发生单电子转移反应，且易歧化、不易直接检测，导致其在自然界中的存在和作用曾被长期忽略。近期研究显示，络合态Mn（Ⅲ）在海底孔隙水、沉积物好氧/厌氧交界处等环境中广泛存在并对其中生物化学反应有重要影响；络合态及非络合态Mn（Ⅲ）在实验室研究中先后被发现参与到快速且有效地降解污染物的过程。本文综述了环境中Mn（Ⅲ）的存在形态、生成途径，讨论了配体及生物作用对该过程的影响；介绍了实验室中Mn（Ⅲ）的生成方法；总结了Mn（Ⅲ）的水解、歧化、氧化还原电位等性质；概述了Mn（Ⅲ）的环境意义；分析了将Mn（Ⅲ）应用于水污染控制的可能性；并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Manganese,as a transition metal with various valences (0~+7),is abundant and widely spread.Manganese (Ⅲ)[Mn (Ⅲ)] can act as both electron acceptor and electron donor.Soluble Mn (Ⅲ) has long been overlooked due to the easy disproportionation and difficulty in detection.However,recent studies show that Mn (Ⅲ) can spread widely in pore water and sediment oxic/anoxic interfaces,playing important roles in biogeochemical redox processes.Further,Mn (Ⅲ) with/without ligands show promises in oxidation of contaminants.Therefore,this review summarizes:(1) the presence of Mn (Ⅲ) in aquatic environment and its generation routes,illustrates the involvement of ligands and biological activities;(2) the methods of preparing Mn (Ⅲ) with/without ligands in lab and quantifying the concentration of Mn (Ⅲ);(3) the hydrolysis constants,disproportionation properties,and redox potentials of Mn (Ⅲ);(4) the environmental significance and possible application of Mn (Ⅲ).Finally,the research needs are proposed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Generation of Mn(Ⅲ)
2.1 Mn(Ⅲ) generation in nature
2.2 Mn(Ⅲ) preparation and detection in laboratory
3 Some aspects of chemistry of soluble Mn(Ⅲ)
3.1 Common Mn(Ⅲ) complexes
3.2 Stability constants of Mn(Ⅲ) complexes
3.3 Hydrolysis constants of Mn(Ⅲ)
3.4 Absorption spectra of Mn(Ⅲ)
3.5 Redox potentials of Mn(Ⅲ)
4 Environmental significance of Mn(Ⅲ)
5 Application of Mn(Ⅲ) in water treatment
6 Conclusion
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