合成麝香（Synthetic Musks，SMs）因具有类似天然麝香的芬芳气味，被广泛添加于各种日化产品中。由于这类化合物的大量使用以及我国现有污水处理系统的局限性，目前在各种环境介质、人体内频繁检出SMs，从某种意义上来说该类化合物已经对生态环境和人类健康造成了一定潜在危害，因此是一类重要的新兴有机污染物。本文详细综述了SMs的环境污染水平、迁移转化机制、环境归趋、环境危害以及健康效应等方面的最新研究进展；发现虽然这类污染物在环境转化过程中存在毒性增强等潜在的危害，但其在环境与生物体内的迁移转化机制尚未明确，且相关代谢转化产物的毒性效应研究并不多见，尤其在SMs暴露模式与人体损伤机制之间的相互关系研究方面还存在空白。此外，新型SMs如大环麝香与脂环麝香的健康效应的研究也有待进一步加强。
Synthetic Musks (SMs) are widely used as fragrance ingredients in various personal care products and consumer goods, due to their fragrance smell similar to natural musk. Given the extensive use and large amount of consumption as well as incomplete disposal in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), SMs are discharged into aquatic environment and frequently detected in aquatic organisms, air and even human milk, blood, and adipose tissues, resulting in the potential adverse effects on ecological environment and human health. Therefore, SMs became an important kind of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). In this study, the current research progress on the environmental pollution, transformation mechanisms, environmental fate and health effect of SMs are reviewed in detail. Although the conclusion that the aquatic toxicity and human estrogenic effects are found to be increased during the transformation, the transformation mechanisms of SMs in different environmental matrix as well as organisms are still unclear, even that the toxicity of transformation/metabolism products is rarely attempted.The relationship between exposure mode of SMs and damage mechanism of human health is still unclear. In addition, the relative research of the effect on ecological environments and human health of emerging SMs such as macrocyclic musk and alicyclic musk is also deserved to be considered.
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction of synthetic musk
1.2 Usage and human exposure
2 Environmental pollution
2.1 Synthetic musk in atmosphere and indoor dust
2.2 Synthetic musk in aquatic environment
2.3 Synthetic musk in organism
3 The transformation process and mechanism
3.1 Biodegradation
3.2 Photochemical degradation
3.3 Advanced oxidation degradation
4 Adverse effects on organisms
5 Adverse effects on human health
6 Conclusion and outlook
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