激发光的组织穿透能力和光敏剂的吸收波长阻碍了传统光动力治疗（photodynamic therapy，PDT）对深层肿瘤的有效治疗。近年来，基于X射线直接激发光敏剂或以X射线激发纳米闪烁体作为能量传递介质间接激发光敏剂的X射线激发的光动力治疗方法（XE-PDT）成为深层肿瘤治疗领域的研究热点。本文将重点介绍近五年来被报道的X射线激发纳米闪烁体类型、光敏剂负载策略、能量传递效果以及光动力治疗效果，同时对深层肿瘤光动力治疗中存在的主要问题、挑战以及未来的发展方向进行展望。
The tissue penetration limitation of excitation light and the absorption wavelength of the photosensitizer hinder the effective treatment of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tumors. Recently, X-ray excited photodynamic therapy (XE-PDT) based on excitation or indirect excitation of photosensitizers via energy transfer by X-ray has attracted a great deal of attention. In this review, recent progress of nanoscintillators, including their rational designs, strategies of photosensitizer loading as well as effects of energy transfer and PDT are summarized. The main problems, challenges and future development in deep-seated tumor PDT are also discussed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Principle of X-ray excited photodynamic therapy
3 General photosensitizer loading strategies
3.1 Sol-gel method
3.2 Direct surface coating by polymer
4 X-ray excited phosphors
4.1 Rare-earth-element-based nanoparticles
4.2 Metal oxide (or sulfide) nanoparticles
4.3 Transition metal cluster compounds
5 Conclusion and outlook
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Principle of X-ray excited photodynamic therapy
3 General photosensitizer loading strategies
3.1 Sol-gel method
3.2 Direct surface coating by polymer
4 X-ray excited phosphors
4.1 Rare-earth-element-based nanoparticles
4.2 Metal oxide (or sulfide) nanoparticles
4.3 Transition metal cluster compounds
5 Conclusion and outlook
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